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Kraines, S., R. Batres, M. Koyama, D. Wallace, and H. Komiyama. 2005. Internet-based integrated environmental assessment: Using ontologies to share computational models. Journal of Industrial Ecology 9(3): 31–50.

Autres Semantic/Bibtex citation

Daniels, P. and S. Moore. 2002a. Approaches for quan- tifying the metabolism of physical economies, part I: Methodological overview. Journal of Indus- trial Ecology 5(4): 69–93.

Daniels, P. and S. Moore. 2002b. Approaches for quan- tifying the metabolism of physical economies, part II: Review of individual approaches. Journal of Industrial Ecology 6(1): 65–88.

|bibtex=@article{zhang2016, title = {A Network Flow Analysis of the Nitrogen Metabolism in Beijing, China}, volume = {50}, issn = {0013-936X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00181}, doi = {10.1021/acs.est.6b00181}, abstract = {Rapid urbanization results in high nitrogen flows and subsequent environmental consequences. In this study, we identified the main metabolic components (nitrogen inputs, flows, and outputs) and used ecological network analysis to track the direct and integral (direct + indirect) metabolic flows of nitrogen in Beijing, China, from 1996 to 2012 and to quantify the structure of Beijing’s nitrogen metabolic processes. We found that Beijing’s input of new reactive nitrogen (Q, which represents nitrogen obtained from the atmosphere or nitrogen-containing materials used in production and consumption to support human activities) increased from 431 Gg in 1996 to 507 Gg in 2012. Flows to the industry, atmosphere, and household, and components of the system were clearly largest, with total integrated inputs plus outputs from these nodes accounting for 31, 29, and 15\%, respectively, of the total integral flows for all paths. The flows through the sewage treatment and transportation components showed marked growth, with total integrated inputs plus outputs increasing to 3.7 and 5.2 times their 1996 values, respectively. Our results can help policymakers to locate the key nodes and pathways in an urban nitrogen metabolic system so they can monitor and manage these components of the system.}, number = {16}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, author = {Zhang, Yan and Lu, Hanjing and Fath, Brian D. and Zheng, Hongmei and Sun, Xiaoxi and Li, Yanxian}, year = {2016}, pages = {8558--8567} }

|bibtex=@article{brunner_reshaping_2007, title = {Reshaping {Urban} {Metabolism}}, volume = {11}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1162/jie.2007.1293/abstract}, doi = {10.1162/jie.2007.1293}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2016-11-22}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Brunner, Paul H.}, year = {2007}, note = {bibtex: RUM}, pages = {11--13} }

|bibtex=@article{giordano_fuzzy_2014, title = {Fuzzy evaluation of heterogeneous quantities: {Measuring} urban ecological efficiency}, volume = {288}, issn = {0304-3800}, shorttitle = {Fuzzy evaluation of heterogeneous quantities}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380014002695}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.06.001}, abstract = {The present work aimed at defining an urban efficiency index taking into account the relationships among urban structure, energy consumption, emissions of pollutants and depletion of resources. Core of the work is the analysis of the most significant energy and mass flows characterizing urban metabolism and their representation through hierarchically organized system of variables and their fuzzy evaluations using a cascade of Takagi–Sugeno models. The performance of the urban system is evaluated splitting it in defined subsystems about transportation, built environment and the socioeconomic sector. A chain of Takagi–Sugeno models starts from a fuzzy evaluation of urban data, evaluates the efficiency of these subsystems and eventually recursively obtains the final evaluation of the whole system. This structure and the use of fuzzy methods permit the definition of an index which is very clear from the point of view of interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, this kind of index can support policy makers, public utilities, urban designers and other stake holders in defining strategies for improving the performance of the different urban areas looking at their features, weaknesses and potentialities.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, author = {Giordano, P. and Caputo, P. and Vancheri, A.}, month = sep, year = {2014}, keywords = {Fuzzy logic based indices, Takagi–Sugeno models, urban metabolism}, pages = {112--126} }

|bibtex=@article{newell_boundaries_2015, title = {The boundaries of urban metabolism: {Towards} a political-industrial ecology}, volume = {39}, issn = {0309-1325, 1477-0288}, shorttitle = {The boundaries of urban metabolism}, url = {http://phg.sagepub.com/cgi/doi/10.1177/0309132514558442}, doi = {10.1177/0309132514558442}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-10-19}, journal = {Progress in Human Geography}, author = {Newell, J. P. and Cousins, J. J.}, month = dec, year = {2015}, note = {bibtex: BUMPIE}, pages = {702--728} }

|bibtex=@article{kennedy_methodology_2010, series = {Special {Section} on {Carbon} {Emissions} and {Carbon} {Management} in {Cities} with {Regular} {Papers}}, title = {Methodology for inventorying greenhouse gas emissions from global cities}, volume = {38}, issn = {0301-4215}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509006387}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.050}, abstract = {This paper describes the methodology and data used to determine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to ten cities or city-regions: Los Angeles County, Denver City and County, Greater Toronto, New York City, Greater London, Geneva Canton, Greater Prague, Barcelona, Cape Town and Bangkok. Equations for determining emissions are developed for contributions from: electricity; heating and industrial fuels; ground transportation fuels; air and marine fuels; industrial processes; and waste. Gasoline consumption is estimated using three approaches: from local fuel sales; by scaling from regional fuel sales; and from counts of vehicle kilometres travelled. A simplified version of an intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) method for estimating the GHG emissions from landfill waste is applied. Three measures of overall emissions are suggested: (i) actual emissions within the boundary of the city; (ii) single process emissions (from a life-cycle perspective) associated with the city's metabolism; and (iii) life-cycle emissions associated with the city's metabolism. The results and analysis of the study will be published in a second paper.}, number = {9}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Energy Policy}, author = {Kennedy, Christopher and Steinberger, Julia and Gasson, Barrie and Hansen, Yvonne and Hillman, Timothy and Havránek, Miroslav and Pataki, Diane and Phdungsilp, Aumnad and Ramaswami, Anu and Mendez, Gara Villalba}, month = sep, year = {2010}, keywords = {Climate change, Life-cycle analysis, urban metabolism}, pages = {4828--4837} }

@article{voskamp_space-time_nodate, title = {Space-time information analysis for resource-conscious urban planning and design: {A} stakeholder based identification of urban metabolism data gaps}, issn = {0921-3449}, shorttitle = {Space-time information analysis for resource-conscious urban planning and design}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344916302294}, doi = {10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.08.026}, abstract = {The research presented here examined at which spatial and temporal resolution urban metabolism should be analysed to generate results that are useful for implementation of urban planning and design interventions aiming at optimization of resource flows. Moreover, it was researched whether a lack of data currently hampers analysing resource flows at this desired level of detail. To facilitate a stakeholder based research approach, the SIRUP tool – “Space-time Information analysis for Resource-conscious Urban Planning” – was developed. The tool was applied in a case study of Amsterdam, focused on the investigation of energy and water flows. Results show that most urban planning and design interventions envisioned in Amsterdam require information on a higher spatiotemporal resolution than the resolution of current urban metabolism analyses, i.e., more detailed than the city level and at time steps smaller than a year. Energy-related interventions generally require information on a higher resolution than water-related interventions. Moreover, for the majority of interventions information is needed on a higher resolution than currently available. For energy, the temporal resolution of existing data proved inadequate, for water, data with both a higher spatial and temporal resolution is required. Modelling and monitoring techniques are advancing for both water and energy and these advancements are likely to contribute to closing these data gaps in the future. These advancements can also prove useful in developing new sorts of urban metabolism analyses that can provide a systemic understanding of urban resource flows and that are tailored to urban planning and design.}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Resources, Conservation and Recycling}, author = {Voskamp, Ilse M. and Spiller, Marc and Stremke, Sven and Bregt, Arnold K. and Vreugdenhil, Corné and Rijnaarts, Huub H. M.}, keywords = {Spatiotemporal analysis, Sustainable resource management, Urban infrastructure, urban metabolism, urban planning} }

@article{zhang_emergy-based_2014, title = {Emergy-{Based} {Regional} {Socio}-{Economic} {Metabolism} {Analysis}: {An} {Application} of {Data} {Envelopment} {Analysis} and {Decomposition} {Analysis}}, volume = {6}, copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/}, shorttitle = {Emergy-{Based} {Regional} {Socio}-{Economic} {Metabolism} {Analysis}}, url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/6/12/8618}, doi = {10.3390/su6128618}, abstract = {Integrated analysis on socio-economic metabolism could provide a basis for understanding and optimizing regional sustainability. The paper conducted socio-economic metabolism analysis by means of the emergy accounting method coupled with data envelopment analysis and decomposition analysis techniques to assess the sustainability of Qingyang city and its eight sub-region system, as well as to identify the major driving factors of performance change during 2000–2007, to serve as the basis for future policy scenarios. The results indicate that Qingyang greatly depended on non-renewable emergy flows and feedback (purchased) emergy flows, except the two sub-regions, named Huanxian and Huachi, which highly depended on renewable emergy flow. Zhenyuan, Huanxian and Qingcheng were identified as being relatively emergy efficient, and the other five sub-regions have potential to reduce natural resource inputs and waste output to achieve the goal of efficiency. The results of decomposition analysis show that the economic growth, as well as the increased emergy yield ratio and population not accompanied by a sufficient increase of resource utilization efficiency are the main drivers of the unsustainable economic model in Qingyang and call for polices to promote the efficiency of resource utilization and to optimize natural resource use.}, language = {en}, number = {12}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Sustainability}, author = {Zhang, Zilong and Chen, Xingpeng and Heck, Peter}, month = nov, year = {2014}, keywords = {data envelopment analysis, decomposition analysis, emergy analysis, Qingyang, socio-economic metabolism}, pages = {8618--8638} }

@article{yetano_roche_concepts_2014, title = {Concepts and {Methodologies} for {Measuring} the {Sustainability} of {Cities}}, volume = {39}, issn = {1543-5938}, url = {http://www.annualreviews.org.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1146/annurev-environ-012913-101223}, doi = {10.1146/annurev-environ-012913-101223}, abstract = {In recent decades, better data and methods have become available for understanding the complex functioning of cities and their impacts on sustainability. This review synthesizes the recent developments in concepts and methods being used to measure the impacts of cities on environmental sustainability. It differentiates between a dominant trend in research literature that concentrates on the accounting and allocation of greenhouse gas emissions and energy use to cities and a reemergence of studies that focus on the direct and indirect material and resource flows in cities. The methodological approaches reviewed may consider cities as either producers or consumers, and all recognize that urban environmental impacts can be local, regional, or global. As well as giving an overview of the methodological debates, we examine the implications of the different approaches for policy and the challenges these approaches face in their application in the field.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Annual Review of Environment and Resources}, author = {Yetano Roche, María and Lechtenböhmer, Stefan and Fischedick, Manfred and Gröne, Marie-Christine and Xia, Chun and Dienst, Carmen}, month = oct, year = {2014}, pages = {519--547} }

@article{horta_downscaling_2016, title = {Downscaling {Aggregate} {Urban} {Metabolism} {Accounts} to {Local} {Districts}}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jiec.12428/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12428}, abstract = {Urban metabolism accounts of total annual energy, water, and other resource flows are increasingly available for a variety of world cities. For local decision makers, however, it may be important to understand the variations of resource consumption within the city. Given the difficulty of gathering suburban resource consumption data for many cities, this article investigates the potential of statistical downscaling methods to estimate local resource consumption using socioeconomic or other data sources. We evaluate six classes of downscaling methods: ratio-based normalization; linear regression (both internally and externally calibrated); linear regression with spatial autocorrelation; multilevel linear regression; and a basic Bayesian analysis. The methods were applied to domestic energy consumption in London, UK, and our results show that it is possible to downscale aggregate resource consumption to smaller geographies with an average absolute prediction error of around 20\%; however, performance varies widely by method, geography size, and fuel type. We also show how mapping these results can quickly identify districts with noteworthy resource consumption profiles. Further work should explore the design of local data collection strategies to enhance these methods and apply the techniques to other urban resources such as water or waste.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Horta, Isabel M. and Keirstead, James}, year = {2016}, keywords = {Cities, econometrics, Energy, London, modeling, urban metabolism}, pages = {n/a--n/a} }

@article{zucaro_urban_2014, series = {Integrated {Ecological} {Indicators} for {Sustainable} {Urban} {Ecosystem} {Evaluation} and {Management}}, title = {Urban resource use and environmental performance indicators. {An} application of decomposition analysis}, volume = {47}, issn = {1470-160X}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X14001721}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.04.022}, abstract = {An evaluation of interlinkages and synergies among the different resources and performance patterns in the city of Rome (Italy) was accomplished by means of decomposition equations, in order to identify the major drivers of change in the investigated period as well as future low-resource scenarios. A half-a-century historical series (1962–2008) of energy and resource consumption in the city of Rome (Italy) was investigated in order to ascertain the links between resource use and complexity change. Environmental, material and energy inputs were firstly evaluated as actual energy and mass flows, then converted to emergy units to provide an assessment on a common ground. Results show that the sustainability of the urban system decreased steadily in the investigated period, as confirmed by both intensive and extensive parameters. The demand for abiotic matter, water, energy and emergy (environmental work) was accounted for over time and referred to the population (per-capita indicators) and current prices economic product generated by the city (GVA, Gross Value Added). Moreover, the effects associated with the emissions were evaluated, with a special focus on global warming and acidification potential. The changes in the urban metabolism occurred within the investigated period were analyzed considering the variation of different inputs necessary to drive the city (electricity, fuels, goods, machineries, etc.).

Finally, a decomposition analysis was performed to identify the main causes and drivers associated with the changes in the city metabolism. Decomposition results show that the increased fraction of imports compared to local sources, of non-renewable resources compared to renewables, as well as of population and per capita income not accompanied by sufficient increase of energy and material efficiency are the major drivers of such unsustainability pattern and call for policies that focus on optimization of production and consumption patterns in times of unavoidable shrinking of resource basis.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Ecological Indicators}, author = {Zucaro, Amalia and Ripa, Maddalena and Mellino, Salvatore and Ascione, Marco and Ulgiati, Sergio}, year = {2014}, keywords = {decomposition analysis, Emergy, LCA, urban metabolism}, pages = {16--25} }

Part

@article{loiseau_environmental_2012, title = {Environmental assessment of a territory: {An} overview of existing tools and methods}, volume = {112}, issn = {03014797}, shorttitle = {Environmental assessment of a territory}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030147971200388X}, doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.07.024}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Management}, author = {Loiseau, Eléonore and Junqua, Guillaume and Roux, Philippe and Bellon-Maurel, Véronique}, month = dec, year = {2012}, pages = {213--225} }

@article{cleveland_graphical_1984, title = {Graphical {Perception}: {Theory}, {Experimentation}, and {Application} to the {Development} of {Graphical} {Methods}}, volume = {79}, issn = {0162-1459}, shorttitle = {Graphical {Perception}}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2288400}, doi = {10.2307/2288400}, abstract = {The subject of graphical methods for data analysis and for data presentation needs a scientific foundation. In this article we take a few steps in the direction of establishing such a foundation. Our approach is based on graphical perception-the visual decoding of information encoded on graphs-and it includes both theory and experimentation to test the theory. The theory deals with a small but important piece of the whole process of graphical perception. The first part is an identification of a set of elementary perceptual tasks that are carried out when people extract quantitative information from graphs. The second part is an ordering of the tasks on the basis of how accurately people perform them. Elements of the theory are tested by experimentation in which subjects record their judgments of the quantitative information on graphs. The experiments validate these elements but also suggest that the set of elementary tasks should be expanded. The theory provides a guideline for graph construction: Graphs should employ elementary tasks as high in the ordering as possible. This principle is applied to a variety of graphs, including bar charts, divided bar charts, pie charts, and statistical maps with shading. The conclusion is that radical surgery on these popular graphs is needed, and as replacements we offer alternative graphical forms-dot charts, dot charts with grouping, and framed-rectangle charts.}, number = {387}, urldate = {2016-11-16}, journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association}, author = {Cleveland, William S. and McGill, Robert}, year = {1984}, pages = {531--554} }

Part

@article{rosado_urban_2016, title = {Urban metabolism profiles. {An} empirical analysis of the material flow characteristics of three metropolitan areas in {Sweden}}, volume = {126}, issn = {0959-6526}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616300555}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.02.139}, abstract = {Knowledge about the characteristics and driving forces of material flows in urban areas is crucial, as the pathways towards sustainability depend on local conditions. Currently, Urban Metabolism research focuses on the analysis of trends and transitions in different stages of city development, on developing classification systems and identification of metabolism profiles for urban areas.

A novel framework for characterizing cities metabolism is provided using Urban Material Flow Accounting indicators as the basis. A Material Flow Accounting study is conducted for three cities in Sweden, from 1996 until 2011: Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. Based on the urban metabolism characteristics framework, three distinct profiles are proposed: consumer-service; industrial; and transitioning.

Stockholm's material needs are mainly for final consumption. When compared with the other two cities, material flows follow a more stable trend and have lower dependency on external systems due to the marginal production and export of goods.

Gothenburg has the most resource intensive metabolism. It requires several times larger material inputs than the other two cities and produces much larger outputs, for benefit of the rest of the country and the world. Consequently, CO2 emissions are higher in Gothenburg.

Malmo characteristics are more complex than Stockholm's with higher material needs in particular construction minerals. Its dependency on external flows is low, due to the fact that the economy and exports are based on domestically extracted Non-Metallic Minerals and Biomass.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, author = {Rosado, Leonardo and Kalmykova, Yuliya and Patrício, João}, year = {2016}, note = {bibtex: UMPEA}, keywords = {City typology, Material flow accounting, Resilience, Resource consumption, urban metabolism}, pages = {206--217} }

@inproceedings{walker_eco-effectiveness_2009, title = {Eco-effectiveness, eco-efficiency, and the metabolism of a city: {A} multi-sectoral analysis}, shorttitle = {Eco-effectiveness, eco-efficiency, and the metabolism of a city}, doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346300}, abstract = {The vision of Cities as forces for good within the environment is explored herein by proposing a multisectoral analysis that accounts for nutrients, water, energy. The main purpose is to identify those elements in the urban system that can offer more opportunities of improvement with regard to eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness indicators, and how different sectors, i.e. water, food, forestry, energy, and waste management, interact between each other. For this, (i) a computational model is designed using concepts of Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) together with mass and energy balances, and (ii) a set of indicators are defined to assess the improvement or worsening of the system. (iii) Both model and indicators are simulated under the Regionalized Sensitivity Analysis (RSA) framework to account of uncertainty and test the relevance of prospective technological innovations, i.e. structural changes. The paper presents a case study based on the Upper Chattahoochee Watershed in the south-eastern United States, in which the nitrogen (N) cycle is investigated under two scenarios: 0\% and 100\% urine source separation implementation. Results reveal that animal feed and fossil fuels are the major flows of N in the system. Urine separation showed to be critical for some aspects of the system as described by the behavior of the set of indicators.}, booktitle = {{IEEE} {International} {Conference} on {Systems}, {Man} and {Cybernetics}, 2009. {SMC} 2009}, author = {Walker, R. V. and Jiang, F. and Osidele, O. O. and Beck, M. B.}, month = oct, year = {2009}, keywords = {Analytical models, animal feed, Biochemistry, Cities and towns, Computational modeling, eco-effectiveness, ecoeffectiveness indicator, ecoefficiency indicator, ECOLOGY, Energy, Forestry, fossil fuels, multisectoral analysis, nitrogen cycle, nutrient cycling, regionalized sensitivity analysis, sensitivity analysis, substance flow analysis, Sustainable Development, System Analysis, System testing, Technological innovation, uncertainty, Urban sustainability, urban system, urine separation, Waste management, water, watershed study}, pages = {1470--1475} }

@article{liang_data_2011, title = {Data {Acquisition} for {Applying} {Physical} {Input}-{Output} {Tables} in {Chinese} {Cities}}, volume = {15}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00372.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00372.x}, abstract = {The physical input-output table (PIOT) is a useful tool for analyzing the environmental sustainability of cities. Taking Chinese statistical sources as an example in this study, we discuss data acquisition methods for applying the PIOT to cities. We propose several methods and present a case study of Suzhou City to illustrate the proposed methods. These methods can provide foundations for constructing the PIOT of cities in other countries.}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Liang, Sai and Zhang, Tianzhu}, year = {2011}, keywords = {China, data mining, industrial ecology, input-output model, material flow analysis (MFA), urban metabolism}, pages = {825--835} }

@article{decker_energy_2000, title = {Energy and material flow through the urban ecosystem}, volume = {25}, issn = {1056-3466}, doi = {10.1146/annurev.energy.25.1.685}, abstract = {This paper reviews the available data and models on energy and material flows through the world's 25 largest cities. Throughput is categorized as stored, transformed, or passive for the major flow modes. The aggregate, fuel, food, water, and air cycles are all examined. Emphasis is placed on atmospheric pathways because the data are abundant. Relevant models of urban energy and material flows, demography, and atmospheric chemistry are discussed. Earth system-level loops from cities to neighboring ecosystems are identified. Megacities are somewhat independent of their immediate environment for food, fuel, and aggregate inputs, but all are constrained by their regional environment for supplying water and absorbing wastes. We elaborate on analogies with biological metabolism and ecosystem succession as useful conceptual frameworks for addressing urban ecological problems. We conclude that whereas data are numerous for some individual cities, cross-cutting compilations are lacking in biogeochemical analysis and modeling. Synthesis of the existing information will be a crucial first step. Cross-cutting field research and integrated, multidisciplinary simulations will be necessary.}, language = {English}, journal = {Annual Review of Energy and the Environment}, author = {Decker, E. H. and Elliott, S. and Smith, F. A. and Blake, D. R. and Rowland, F. S.}, year = {2000}, note = {WOS:000166624500020}, keywords = {air pollution, air-quality, atmospheric co2 concentrations, city succession, industrial metabolism, liquefied petroleum gas, megacity biogeochemistry, mexico-city, nonmethane hydrocarbons, pacific exploratory mission, particulate matter, pem-west-a, solid-waste, system simulations, united-states}, pages = {685--740} }

@article{moffatt_conceptualizing_2008, title = {Conceptualizing the built environment as a social-ecological system}, volume = {36}, issn = {09613218}, url = {http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31611559&lang=fr&site=ehost-live}, doi = {10.1080/09613210801928131}, abstract = {Formulating a unified theory of the built environment may require that the built environment be understood as a complex social-ecological system, where multiple-related metabolisms interact at different scales. From this broad systems perspective, the dividing line between what is considered as nature and what is considered as built environment becomes a cultural attribute that changes with the historical context. Over the past four centuries, notions of environmental accounting and material metabolism have expanded from year-to-year economic and biological exchanges to energy, material, financial, and information flows extended through time and space. At present, the necessary extension of system limits in time and space is best achieved by combining a number of methods, including flow-based models and resource-conservation-based models, and top-down and bottom-up modelling approaches. Artefacts, flows, and actors can be linked over time by means of a common framework for describing the built environment, and by life cycle-oriented product modelling techniques. Despite such advances, existing theory seems incapable of fully integrating spatial and physical relationships, and is especially challenged when dealing with concepts of time. Ecological models provide a useful basis for new timing tools that integrate different time scales, past and future, and that allow for an assessment of adaptive capacity and other aspects of system resiliency. These models can be used to understand better the impact of different managerial and social policies at both the macro- and the micro-level. The management of the long-term evolution of this social-ecological system can only be assured through appropriating ecological concepts of time, and by integrating the history of nature with the history of human culture.}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-10-13}, journal = {Building Research \& Information}, author = {Moffatt, Sebastian and Kohler, Niklaus}, month = jun, year = {2008}, note = {bibtex: CBESES}, keywords = {BIOLOGY, built environment, cadres conceptuels, conceptual frameworks, CULTURE, durabilité, ECOLOGY, ecosphere, ecosphère, ecosystem, ecosystème, elaboration de théorie, ENVIRONMENTAL auditing, metabolism, métabolisme, milieu bâti, perspectives temporelles, SOCIAL sciences, sustainability, systèmes urbains, temporal perspectives, temps, theory-building, time, Urban systems}, pages = {248--268} }

@article{zhang_multi-scale_2014, title = {Multi-scale integrated assessment of urban energy use and {CO}2 emissions}, volume = {24}, issn = {1009-637X, 1861-9568}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/article/10.1007/s11442-014-1111-5}, doi = {10.1007/s11442-014-1111-5}, abstract = {Accurate and detailed accounting of energy-induced carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is crucial to the evaluation of pressures on natural resources and the environment, as well as to the assignment of responsibility for emission reductions. However, previous emission inventories were usually production- or consumption-based accounting, and few studies have comprehensively documented the linkages among socio-economic activities and external transaction in urban areas. Therefore, we address this gap in proposing an analytical framework and accounting system with three dimensions of boundaries to comprehensively assess urban energy use and related CO2 emissions. The analytical framework depicted the input, transformation, transfer and discharge process of the carbon-based (fossil) energy flows through the complex urban ecosystems, and defined the accounting scopes and boundaries on the strength of ‘carbon footprint’ and ‘urban metabolism’. The accounting system highlighted the assessment for the transfer and discharge of socio-economic subsystems with different spatial boundaries. Three kinds methods applied to Beijing City explicitly exhibited the accounting characteristics. Our research firstly suggests that urban carbon-based energy metabolism can be used to analyze the process and structure of urban energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Secondly, three kinds of accounting methods use different benchmarks to estimate urban energy use and CO2 emissions with their distinct strength and weakness. Thirdly, the empirical analysis in Beijing City demonstrate that the three kinds of methods are complementary and give different insights to discuss urban energy-induced CO2 emissions reduction. We deduce a conclusion that carbon reductions responsibility can be assigned in the light of production, consumption and shared responsibility based principles. Overall, from perspective of the industrial and energy restructuring and the residential lifestyle changes, our results shed new light on the analysis on the evolutionary mechanism and pattern of urban energy-induced CO2 emissions with the combination of three kinds of methods. And the spatial structure adjustment and technical progress provides further elements for consideration about the scenarios of change in urban energy use and CO2 emissions.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Geographical Sciences}, author = {Zhang, Lijun and Liu, Gangjun and Qin, Yaochen}, month = may, year = {2014}, pages = {651--668} }

@article{kennedy_changing_2007, title = {The {Changing} {Metabolism} of {Cities}}, volume = {11}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1162/jie.2007.1107/abstract}, doi = {10.1162/jie.2007.1107}, abstract = {Data from urban metabolism studies from eight metropolitan regions across five continents, conducted in various years since 1965, are assembled in consistent units and compared. Together with studies of water, materials, energy, and nutrient flows from additional cities, the comparison provides insights into the changing metabolism of cities. Most cities studied exhibit increasing per capita metabolism with respect to water, wastewater, energy, and materials, although one city showed increasing efficiency for energy and water over the 1990s. Changes in solid waste streams and air pollutant emissions are mixed. The review also identifies metabolic processes that threaten the sustainability of cities. These include altered ground water levels, exhaustion of local materials, accumulation of toxic materials, summer heat islands, and irregular accumulation of nutrients. Beyond concerns over the sheer magnitudes of resource flows into cities, an understanding of these accumulation or storage processes in the urban metabolism is critical. Growth, which is inherently part of metabolism, causes changes in water stored in urban aquifers, materials in the building stock, heat stored in the urban canopy layer, and potentially useful nutrients in urban waste dumps. Practical reasons exist for understanding urban metabolism. The vitality of cities depends on spatial relationships with surrounding hinterlands and global resource webs. Increasing metabolism implies greater loss of farmland, forests, and species diversity; plus more traffic and more pollution. Urban policy makers should consider to what extent their nearest resources are close to exhaustion and, if necessary, appropriate strategies to slow exploitation. It is apparent from this review that metabolism data have been established for only a few cities worldwide, and interpretation issues exist due to lack of common conventions. Further urban metabolism studies are required.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2016-10-20}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Kennedy, Christopher and Cuddihy, John and Engel-Yan, Joshua}, year = {2007}, note = {bibtex: CMC}, keywords = {global cities, industrial ecology, materials flow analysis (MFA), sustainable cities, urban environment, urban metabolism}, pages = {43--59} }

@article{newman_sustainability_1999, title = {Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model}, volume = {44}, issn = {0169-2046}, shorttitle = {Sustainability and cities}, doi = {10.1016/S0169-2046(99)00009-2}, abstract = {The use of the metabolism concept, expanded to include aspects of livability, is applied to cities to demonstrate the practical meaning of sustainability. Its application in industrial ecology, urban ecology, urban demonstration projects, business plans and city comparisons are used to illustrate its potential. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.}, language = {English}, number = {4}, journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning}, author = {Newman, P. W. G.}, month = sep, year = {1999}, note = {WOS:000082581900005}, keywords = {Cities, ecosystem, indicators, livability, metabolism, sustainability}, pages = {219--226} }

Part

@techreport{holmes_urban_2012, title = {Urban {Metabolism} {Literature} {Review}}, url = {http://ccsc.environment.ucla.edu//wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Urban-Metabolism-Literature-Review2012-44-fea.pdf}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, author = {Holmes, T. and Pincetl, Stephanie}, year = {2012}, note = {bibtex: UMLR} }

@article{semal_meadows_2007, title = {{MEADOWS} {Donella}, {RANDERS} {Jorgen} et {MEADOWS} {Dennis}, 2004, {Limits} to {Growth}. {The} 30-{Year} {Update}, {Chelsea} {Green} {Publishing}, 338 p.}, copyright = {Développement Durable et Territoires est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.}, issn = {1772-9971}, url = {http://developpementdurable.revues.org/4422}, abstract = {Lors de sa parution en 1972, le rapport du Club de Rome (dit Rapport Meadows et intitulé Limits to Growth ou Halte à la croissance ?) avait connu un certain retentissement. En 1992, il avait fait l’objet d’une première mise à jour, intitulée Beyond the Limits. Enfin, en 2004 paraissait une seconde mise à jour qui, jusqu’ici, n’a pas été traduite en français : Limits to Growth. The 30-Year Update. Les auteurs ont jugé cette mise à jour nécessaire pour deux raisons : d’une part, pour faire le p...}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Développement durable et territoires. Économie, géographie, politique, droit, sociologie}, author = {Semal, Luc}, month = sep, year = {2007} }

@article{gurney_comment_2016, title = {Comment on “{Analysis} of {High}-{Resolution} {Utility} {Data} for {Understanding} {Energy} {Use} in {Urban} {Systems}”}, volume = {20}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12358/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12358}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-10-28}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Gurney, Kevin Robert and Patarasuk, Risa and Razlivanov, Igor and Song, Yang and O'Keeffe, Darragh and Huang, Jianhua and Zhou, Yuyu and Rao, Preeti}, year = {2016}, pages = {192--193} }

@article{conke_urban_2015, title = {Urban metabolism: {Measuring} the city's contribution to sustainable development}, volume = {202}, issn = {0269-7491}, shorttitle = {Urban metabolism}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749115001499}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.027}, abstract = {Urban metabolism refers to the assessment of the amount of resources produced and consumed by urban ecosystems. It has become an important tool to understand how the development of one city causes impacts to the local and regional environment and to support a more sustainable urban design and planning. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to measure the changes in material and energy use occurred in the city of Curitiba (Brazil) between the years of 2000 and 2010. Results reveal better living conditions and socioeconomic improvements derived from higher resource throughput but without complete disregard to environmental issues. Food intake, water consumption and air emissions remained at similar levels; energy use, construction materials and recycled waste were increased. The paper helps illustrate why it seems more adequate to assess the contribution a city makes to sustainable development than to evaluate if one single city is sustainable or not.}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, author = {Conke, Leonardo S. and Ferreira, Tainá L.}, year = {2015}, note = {bibtex: UMMCC}, keywords = {industrial ecology, urban metabolism, Urban sustainability}, pages = {146--152} }

@inproceedings{ding_citizens_2008, title = {The {Citizens}' {Material} {Flow} {Consumption} {Analysis} - {A} {Case} {Study} of {Chengdu}}, volume = {2}, doi = {10.1109/ICIII.2008.132}, abstract = {The root of material flow accounting and analysis (MFA) could be traced back to social metabolism theory in 1857, but it was ameliorated by Abel Wolman, Kenneth Boulding, and Donella Meadows studying Industrial Metabolism during 1960s-1970s. By using MFA, the inherence of resources and economic developing could be impersonally evaluated and it also can be used to help governments to shape their developing courses. In past, MFA and MFA relevant studies were focus on macroeconomics, such as a countrypsilas MFA. In recent years, there have been some MFA studies about one citypsilas MFA or one industrial MFA. In China, there were some studies about Guiyangpsilas MFA (Guiyang is capital of Guizhou Province, in the southwest of China), Shanghaipsilas MFA, Beijingpsilas cement industrial MFA and so on. The aim of this paper is to design a flow chart and excogitate a method to account the citizenspsila material flow consumption per person, in order to provide some reference information to help government. Based on this method, this paper evaluates the citizenspsila material flow consumption of Chengdu per person. The conclusions are: from 1990 to 2004, the consumption of the citizenspsila material flow consumption per person rose and the food consumption descended.}, booktitle = {2008 {International} {Conference} on {Information} {Management}, {Innovation} {Management} and {Industrial} {Engineering}}, author = {Ding, L. and Yun-Lin, W. and Yun, F.}, year = {2008}, keywords = {Biochemistry, Building materials, Cement industry, Chengdu, China, citizen material flow consumption analysis, Citizens' living consumption, Flowcharts, government, Information management, Innovation management, macroeconomics, MFA, Organisms, Shape, social metabolism theory, SOCIAL sciences}, pages = {256--259} }

@phdthesis{briens_decroissance_2015, type = {phdthesis}, title = {La {Décroissance} au prisme de la modélisation prospective : {Exploration} macroéconomique d'une alternative paradigmatique}, shorttitle = {La {Décroissance} au prisme de la modélisation prospective}, url = {https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01305956/document}, abstract = {Face aux enjeux socioéconomiques, démocratiques, et environnementaux, la croissance économique comme fin en soi, ou comme condition nécessaire au « développement », est de nouveau remise en cause. Depuis le début du XXIème siècle, suscitant un intérêt grandissant et de vifs échanges, la Décroissance se fraie une place dans le débat. Après avoir resitué son émergence dans la perspective historique de la controverse qui s'est développée, au cours de la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle, autour de la croissance et du modèle de développement des pays industrialisés, nous suggérons une synthèse des principales idées et des propositions concrètes actuellement portées par ses partisans. Celles-ci soulèvent un certain nombre de questions complexes, pour lesquelles nous proposons d'apporter quelques éclairages à travers un exercice de modélisation prospective. Nous réalisons pour cela une série d'entretiens, qui visent à recueillir différentes visions détaillées et quantifiées de ce que pourraient être, selon les participants, des scénarios de Décroissance, ou - plus largement- des scénarios de transitions souhaitables et soutenables, notamment en termes d'évolution des institutions, des modes de vie et de consommation, pour la France. En parallèle de ces entretiens, nous développons un modèle spécifique de simulation dynamique de l'économie française, construit autour de l'analyse entrées-sorties, sur la base de données publiques, et incorporant un haut niveau de détail. A l'aide de cet outil macroéconomique, nous proposons alors d'explorer, sur un horizon à long terme (2060) les implications possibles de différents scénarios, dont ceux élaborés à partir des entretiens. Nous nous intéressons par exemple aux conséquences possibles en termes d'emploi, de finances publiques, de consommation d'énergie, d'émissions de polluants atmosphériques, et de production de déchets. Les résultats des simulations soulignent l'importance des choix institutionnels, des facteurs culturels, comportementaux, et « non-techniques », et le potentiel de certaines propositions des mouvements de la Décroissance. Ils invitent ainsi à ouvrir le débat autour de la construction collective d'un nouveau projet de société. Dans cette perspective, notre approche offre un support simple et efficace pour la compréhension commune et la délibération collective.}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, school = {Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris}, author = {Briens, François}, month = dec, year = {2015} }

Part

@article{zhang_ecological_2014, title = {Ecological network analysis of an urban metabolic system based on input–output tables: {Model} development and case study for {Beijing}}, volume = {468–469}, issn = {0048-9697}, shorttitle = {Ecological network analysis of an urban metabolic system based on input–output tables}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713009613}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.047}, abstract = {If cities are considered as “superorganisms”, then disorders of their metabolic processes cause something analogous to an “urban disease”. It is therefore helpful to identify the causes of such disorders by analyzing the inner mechanisms that control urban metabolic processes. Combining input–output analysis with ecological network analysis lets researchers study the functional relationships and hierarchy of the urban metabolic processes, thereby providing direct support for the analysis of urban disease. In this paper, using Beijing as an example, we develop a model of an urban metabolic system that accounts for the intensity of the embodied ecological elements using monetary input–output tables from 1997, 2000, 2002, 2005, and 2007, and use this data to compile the corresponding physical input–output tables. This approach described the various flows of ecological elements through urban metabolic processes and let us build an ecological network model with 32 components. Then, using two methods from ecological network analysis (flow analysis and utility analysis), we quantitatively analyzed the physical input–output relationships among urban components, determined the ecological hierarchy of the components of the metabolic system, and determined the distribution of advantage-dominated and disadvantage-dominated relationships, thereby providing scientific support to guide restructuring of the urban metabolic system in an effort to prevent or cure urban “diseases”.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, author = {Zhang, Yan and Zheng, Hongmei and Fath, Brian D. and Liu, Hong and Yang, Zhifeng and Liu, Gengyuan and Su, Meirong}, month = jan, year = {2014}, keywords = {Beijing, Ecological network, Physical input–output table, urban ecology, urban metabolism}, pages = {642--653} }

@phdthesis{bahers_dynamiques_2012, type = {phdthesis}, title = {Dynamiques des filières de récupération-recyclage et écologie territoriale : l'exemple de la filière de traitement des déchets d'équipements électriques et électroniques ({DEEE}) en {Midi}-{Pyrénées}}, shorttitle = {Dynamiques des filières de récupération-recyclage et écologie territoriale}, url = {https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00711199/document}, abstract = {Le contexte de la gestion des déchets est soumis à des orientations politiques changeantes qui se font l’écho, d’une part de la volonté de préserver les ressources, d’autre part, de l’avènement de l’écologie industrielle. Pour aborder ces enjeux, cette recherche, conduite à l’interface entre sciences de l’ingénieur, sciences sociales et sciences du territoire, s’intéresse plus précisément aux dimensions technico-économiques, sociopolitiques et spatiales des filières de récupération-recyclage. Elle aborde la manière avec laquelle est favorisé le développement territorial de ces filières, en se focalisant particulièrement sur la filière des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques (DEEE). Elle s’interroge sur la contribution du système local de recyclage au développement des démarches d’écologie industrielle. Elle s’appuie notamment sur l’analyse systémique de la mise en oeuvre de l’opération de récupération-recyclage des DEEE en Midi-Pyrénées.Cette recherche montre comment l’objet DEEE met à l’épreuve la territorialisation de la réglementation européenne et française de la gestion des déchets. Basée au départ sur une étude quantitative des flux de matières et d’énergie de la filière, la question se déplace progressivement vers l’étude qualitative des divers positionnements du système d’acteurs qui pilotent le métabolisme de la filière.}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, school = {Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II}, author = {Bahers, Jean-Baptiste}, month = apr, year = {2012}, note = {bibtex: DFRR} }

@article{dalisa_multi-scale_2012, title = {A multi-scale analysis of urban waste metabolism: density of waste disposed in {Campania}}, volume = {35}, issn = {0959-6526}, shorttitle = {A multi-scale analysis of urban waste metabolism}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652612002405}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.05.017}, abstract = {The waste crisis in Campania has inspired a vast amount of studies. Nevertheless, very little research has been done to explain the figures of waste generation and disposal in the region. The analyses carried out so far according to the indicators used by official statistics – i.e. Waste Generated, Waste Generated per capita and Separate Collection – fail to represent this hot spot case. This paper attempts to bridge this gap. Adopting the rationale of a new accounting system, the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM), two waste indicators are proposed to complement the conventional ones: the Metabolic Rate of Waste and the Density of Waste. Then a multi-scale analysis of the Density of Waste Disposed (DWD) tests its suitability to characterise Campania’s waste patterns. The data cover the period from 1999 to 2007. The results show that the DWD complements available indicators and further helps to explain the biophysical pressure and ecological unsustainability of the waste management in the region. The multi-scale analysis shows that regional data hide a relevant territorial diversity, emergent in the provincial analysis and even more so in the municipal one. These results have implications for governance and for the debate about mono-scale versus multi-scale solutions to waste management problems. Finally, the analysis allows some analytical generalisations on the suitability of the DWD to detect situations of potential waste crisis in other study-contexts.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, author = {D'Alisa, Giacomo and Di Nola, Maria Federica and Giampietro, Mario}, month = nov, year = {2012}, keywords = {Campania, Density of waste disposed, I-PAT, Multi-scale analysis, Urban waste metabolism, Waste indicators}, pages = {59--70} }

@article{chester_avoiding_2012, series = {Human settlements and industrial systems}, title = {Avoiding unintended tradeoffs by integrating life-cycle impact assessment with urban metabolism}, volume = {4}, issn = {1877-3435}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343512001005}, doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2012.08.004}, abstract = {Urban sustainability assessment should integrate urban metabolism and life-cycle impact assessment to develop an integrated multi-scale framework for evaluating resource depletion and damages to human health and environmental quality. A streamlined framework can be developed by employing emerging neighborhood-scale data, improving resource depletion and damage to human health and environmental quality characterizations, including socio-demographic characteristics, and integrating methods for making decisions with uncertainty. Foundational elements and an analytical path exist to integrate urban metabolism and life-cycle impact assessment in a streamlined manner. Urban sustainability practitioners must eventually develop new methods for integrating social, institutional, and cultural forces instead of focusing on physical systems.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability}, author = {Chester, Mikhail and Pincetl, Stephanie and Allenby, Braden}, month = oct, year = {2012}, pages = {451--457} }

@article{mellino_mapping_2015, series = {Ecosystem {Metabolism} towards {Sustainable} {Society} {Design} and {Management}}, title = {Mapping the evolution of impervious surfaces to investigate landscape metabolism: {An} {Emergy}–{GIS} monitoring application}, volume = {26, Part 1}, issn = {1574-9541}, shorttitle = {Mapping the evolution of impervious surfaces to investigate landscape metabolism}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954114000351}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.03.003}, abstract = {This work investigates landscape metabolism (resource use change, ecosystem services, fragmentation) and urbanization processes over-time (1990–2006) in Campania Region and designs GIS based maps of impervious surfaces, in order to provide a way to assess the environmental worth and quality of lands. More than 5000 ha of newly urbanized areas appeared in the Campania Region during the investigated time period, mainly within the Provinces of Napoli and Caserta. A strict link emerges between expanding impervious surfaces and decreasing environmental quality, assessed through the emergy value of local resources. Emergy, a measure of the biosphere support to ecosystems and human-dominated systems, accounts for the value of natural capital lost or degraded, and consequently indicates the evolution of the investigated area towards a less sustainable state. The 7.76\% (about 105,000 ha) of the regional area is presently covered by impervious surfaces, one third of which is concentrated in the Province of Napoli (about 38,000 ha). In order to reverse this trend, appropriate environmental planning and resource management are needed, specially focused to reducing the environmental problems associated with landscape overbuilding, natural capital loss and decreased availability of environmental services.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Ecological Informatics}, author = {Mellino, Salvatore and Ulgiati, Sergio}, month = mar, year = {2015}, keywords = {Emergy, GIS, Impervious surfaces, Landscape metabolism, Urbanization}, pages = {50--59} }

@article{wackernagel_ecological_2006, title = {The Ecological Footprint of cities and regions: comparing resource availability with resource demand}, volume = {18}, issn = {0956-2478, 1746-0301}, shorttitle = {The {Ecological} {Footprint} of cities and regions}, url = {http://eau.sagepub.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/content/18/1/103}, doi = {10.1177/0956247806063978}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Environment and Urbanization}, author = {Wackernagel, Mathis and Kitzes, Justin and Moran, Dan and Goldfinger, Steven and Thomas, Mary}, month = jan, year = {2006}, keywords = {Ecological Footprint, regional governance, resource accounts, sustainability}, pages = {103--112} }

@article{keirstead_using_2012, title = {Using {Activity}-{Based} {Modeling} to {Simulate} {Urban} {Resource} {Demands} at {High} {Spatial} and {Temporal} {Resolutions}}, volume = {16}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00486.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00486.x}, abstract = {Urban metabolism is an important technique for understanding the relationship between cities and the wider environment. Such analyses are typically performed at the scale of the whole city using annual average data, a feature that is driven largely by restrictions in data availability. However, in order to assess the resource implications of policy interventions and to design and operate efficient urban infrastructures such as energy systems, greater spatial and temporal resolutions are required in the underlying resource demand data. As this information is rarely available, we propose that these demand profiles might be simulated using activity-based modeling. This is a microsimulation approach that calculates the activity schedules of individuals within the city and then converts this information into resource demands. The method is demonstrated by simulating electricity and natural gas demands in London and by examining how these nontransport energy demands might change in response to a shift in commuting patterns, for example, in response to a congestion charge or similar policy. The article concludes by discussing the strengths and weaknesses of the approach, as well as highlighting future research directions. Key challenges include the simulation of in-home activities, assessing the transferability of the complex data sets and models supporting such analyses, and determining which aspects of urban metabolism would benefit most from this technique.}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Keirstead, James and Sivakumar, Aruna}, year = {2012}, keywords = {Cities, Energy, industrial ecology, London, simulation, urban metabolism}, pages = {889--900} }

@article{marx_biology:_2013, title = {Biology: {The} big challenges of big data}, volume = {498}, copyright = {© 2013 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved.}, issn = {0028-0836}, shorttitle = {Biology}, url = {http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v498/n7453/full/498255a.html}, doi = {10.1038/498255a}, abstract = {As they grapple with increasingly large data sets, biologists and computer scientists uncork new bottlenecks.}, language = {en}, number = {7453}, urldate = {2016-11-09}, journal = {Nature}, author = {Marx, Vivien}, year = {2013}, note = {bibtex: BCBD}, keywords = {Engineering, Genetics, Genomics, Research management}, pages = {255--260} }

@article{barles_comprendre_2008, title = {Comprendre et maîtriser le métabolisme urbain et l’empreinte environnementale des villes}, volume = {52}, url = {http://www.annales.org/re/2008/re52/Barles.pdf}, abstract = {Chaque ville possède un jeu d’empreintes dont la dimension, la forme, la localisation, la profondeur changent dans le temps mais qui reflète fidèlement son métabolisme et, partant, les modes de vie des citadins, les structures socio-économiques, politiques et techniques non seulement urbaines, mais aussi nationales et internationales.}, urldate = {2016-10-20}, journal = {Responsabilité \& Environnement}, author = {Barles, Sabine}, month = oct, year = {2008}, note = {bibtex: CMMUEE}, pages = {21--26} }

@article{miller_stochastic_2013, title = {A {Stochastic} {Approach} to {Model} {Dynamic} {Systems} in {Life} {Cycle} {Assessment}}, volume = {17}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00531.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00531.x}, abstract = {This article presents a framework to evaluate emerging systems in life cycle assessment (LCA). Current LCA methods are effective for established systems; however, lack of data often inhibits robust analysis of future products or processes that may benefit the most from life cycle information. In many cases the life cycle inventory (LCI) of a system can change depending on its development pathway. Modeling emerging systems allows insights into probable trends and a greater understanding of the effect of future scenarios on LCA results. The proposed framework uses Bayesian probabilities to model technology adoption. The method presents a unique approach to modeling system evolution and can be used independently or within the context of an agent-based model (ABM). LCA can be made more robust and dynamic by using this framework to couple scenario modeling with life cycle data, analyzing the effect of decision-making patterns over time. Potential uses include examining the changing urban metabolism of growing cities, understanding the development of renewable energy technologies, identifying transformations in material flows over space and time, and forecasting industrial networks for developing products. A switchgrass-to-energy case demonstrates the approach.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Miller, Shelie A. and Moysey, Stephen and Sharp, Benjamin and Alfaro, Jose}, year = {2013}, keywords = {agent-based modeling, Bayes' theorem, emerging systems, industrial ecology, switchgrass, technology diffusion}, pages = {352--362} }

@article{piluso_ecological_2008, title = {Ecological {Input}−{Output} {Analysis}-{Based} {Sustainability} {Analysis} of {Industrial} {Systems}}, volume = {47}, issn = {0888-5885}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie061283s}, doi = {10.1021/ie061283s}, abstract = {Industrial sustainability is a vital issue in pursuing the long-term development of industrial systems. This paper utilizes the existing Ecological Input−Output Analysis (EIOA) method, in combination with known and established environmental (mass intensity) and economic (gross profit) sustainability metrics, to (i) create a systematic analysis methodology capable of evaluating various decisions, which are made by individual plant management for the benefit of their own company, and (ii) determine which option results in the best route for improving sustainable development, at the plant, industry, and regional levels. Such information will be valuable for the synergistic sustainability improvements of both individual entities as well as industrial regions. To demonstrate the efficacy of this methodology, a case study involving a network of different industries is presented. Sustainability of the base case and two modified cases is assessed. The one with the highest positive environmental and economic sustainability impact is recommended.}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-11-22}, journal = {Industrial \& Engineering Chemistry Research}, author = {Piluso, Cristina and Huang, Yinlun and Lou, Helen H.}, month = mar, year = {2008}, note = {bibtex: EIOABS}, pages = {1955--1966} }

@article{knoeri_end-user_2016, title = {End-user centred infrastructure operation: towards integrated end-use service delivery}, volume = {132}, issn = {09596526}, shorttitle = {End-user centred infrastructure operation}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0959652615011701}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.079}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-10-19}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, author = {Knoeri, Christof and Steinberger, Julia K. and Roelich, Katy}, month = sep, year = {2016}, pages = {229--239} }

@article{kroger_environmental_nodate, title = {Environmental accounting on a communal level: {A} tool to support environmental management and decision-making by communal executives}, volume = {6}, issn = {0944-1344, 1614-7499}, shorttitle = {Environmental accounting on a communal level}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/article/10.1007/BF02987622}, doi = {10.1007/BF02987622}, abstract = {Starting from an ecological perspective of urban-industrial areas, environmental accounting is used to analyse and to evaluate which environmental impacts are the result of communal activities (e.g. the results of different kinds of water supply systems). Therefore, the anthropogenic fluxes, the changing quality of areas as well as the processes between the environmental fields are taken into account. The approach is based on methodical elements of te Life Cycle Analysis and the Environmental Impact Assessment.Looking at the ‘urban systems’ within the communal activities, ‘ecological modelling’ gives us a new and fuller picture of the spatial and temporal character of urban metabolism. The approach supports the perception of cumulative effects and the postponement of environmental problems and opens new horizons for process-oriented environmental planning within the community. Greater efficiency and a decrease in costs can be arrived at by leaving ‘end of the pipe’ strategies; opportunities for a better planning process and measures for different individuals and organisations can be drawn up. A data base which acts as a ‘support system’ implements the computer-aided approach to environmental accounting.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Environmental Science and Pollution Research}, author = {Kröger, Gabriele and Pietsch, Jürgen and Ufermann, Kay}, pages = {170--174} }

@article{browne_material_2011, title = {Material flow accounting in an {Irish} city-region 1992–2002}, volume = {19}, issn = {0959-6526}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652611000114}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.01.007}, abstract = {This paper aims to measure raw material inputs and waste flows in an Irish city-region in order to analyse (i) whether there was absolute dematerialisation in the particular case study over the period 1992–2002 and (ii) whether material consumption and waste generation were decoupled from economic growth and increases in disposable income over the same period. It was found that the selected material flow indicators showed no evidence of absolute dematerialisation over the given study period, although more recent evidence at the national level suggests that a decline in construction activity and extraction of non-metallic minerals has resulted in an absolute reduction in material consumption and it is likely that this will be mirrored at the system boundary level.

It was found that Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) per capita and Direct Material Input (DMI) per capita increased at a faster rate than Domestic Processed Output (DPO) per capita and Direct Material Output (DMO) per capita between 1992 and 2002, which indicates relative decoupling of consumption from waste generation. In addition, it was found that there was relative decoupling of consumption and waste generation from disposable income growth over the study period. Finally, it was found that average DMC and DMI figures for the selected case study were lower than the national averages but broadly similar to results for other city-regions in the European Union (EU). On a methodological note, it was concluded that material flow accounting (MFA) for city-regions in Ireland is constrained due to a lack of disaggregated data for material flows, with the exception of local waste data, and it is recommended that bottom-up analysis should be used to complement disaggregated top-down data.}, number = {9–10}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, author = {Browne, David and O’Regan, Bernadette and Moles, Richard}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Decoupling, Dematerialisation, Material flow accounting}, pages = {967--976} }

@article{pincetl_expanded_2012, title = {An expanded urban metabolism method: {Toward} a systems approach for assessing urban energy processes and causes}, volume = {107}, issn = {0169-2046}, shorttitle = {An expanded urban metabolism method}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204612001922}, doi = {10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.06.006}, abstract = {The integrated study of energy and urban systems has recently become a critical component of sustainability research and policy. Increasing urbanization of human societies combined with intense energy demands of modern economies have driven a recognition that sustainable practices require a systems approach to both the study and application of sustainability principles. Urban metabolism has emerged as a leading methodology for quantifying energy consumption and use patterns in urban environments. Though typically applied as a method of accounting for total energy and materials inputs and outputs into cities, its interdisciplinary history and methods allow urban metabolism to be expanded in ways that will allow more comprehensive and integrated assessment of the patterns and processes of urban energy systems. In this article, we review the concept of urban metabolism—including its two typical approaches: mass balance and “emergy” methods—and offer a means to expand urban metabolism into a platform that incorporates socioeconomic analysis, policy analysis, and additional quantitative methodologies (such as life cycle assessment). This expanded urban metabolism framework is more comprehensive analytically and builds upon the documented capacity of traditional urban metabolism to account for total energy and materials flows of cities to provide an integrated platform for analysis of both energy patterns and the causal processes that govern energy in contemporary cities.}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning}, author = {Pincetl, Stephanie and Bunje, Paul and Holmes, Tisha}, month = sep, year = {2012}, note = {bibtex: EUMTSA}, keywords = {Environmental and social impacts, Life cycle assessment, urban metabolism, Urban systems}, pages = {193--202} }

@article{tanikawa_urban_2009, title = {Urban stock over time: spatial material stock analysis using 4d-{GIS}}, volume = {37}, issn = {0961-3218}, shorttitle = {Urban stock over time}, doi = {10.1080/09613210903169394}, abstract = {A huge amount of construction material is required in urban areas for developing and maintaining buildings and infrastructure. Ageing stocks, which were built during a period of rapid growth in Japan (1955-1973), will cause a new waste flow in the near future. In order to assess urban metabolism with regard to building and infrastructure, it is necessary to understand change in its material accumulation both 'spatially' and 'temporally'. In this analysis, material accumulation over time is elucidated using four-dimensional Geographical Information Systems (4d-GIS) data at an urban scale. An approximately 8km2 urban area of Salford in Manchester, UK, and 11km2 of Wakayama City centre, Japan, were selected as case study sites. In this analysis, the material stock of buildings, roadways and railways was estimated locally over time, using a 4d-GIS database: (1) to find the spatial distribution of construction materials over time, (2) to estimate the demolition curve of buildings based on characteristics of an area, and (3) to clarify material accumulation with vertical location, such as above and below ground, from the viewpoint of recyclability. By estimation of the demolition curve, the life span of buildings in an urban area was found to be shorter than the national average respectively at both sites: 81 years in the urban area of Salford compared with 128 years for the UK; and 28 years in Wakayama City centre compared with the Japanese national average of 40 years. In 2004, 47\% of total construction material was stocked in underground infrastructure in Wakayama City centre.}, language = {English}, number = {5-6}, journal = {Building Research and Information}, author = {Tanikawa, Hiroki and Hashimoto, Seiji}, year = {2009}, note = {WOS:000269812100004}, keywords = {building stock, four-dimensional Geographical Information Systems (4d-GIS), infrastructure stock, mass flows, material flow-analysis, material intensity, material stock analysis, Sustainable Development, time, urban mass flows}, pages = {483--502} }

@article{zhang_measurement_2006, title = {Measurement and evaluation of interactions in complex urban ecosystem}, volume = {196}, issn = {0304-3800}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380006000573}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.001}, abstract = {The objective of this study is to measure and evaluate the interactions among various variables in the complex urban ecosystem (CUE), through employing an equilibrium model, a metabolism model and a harmonious development model. Based on a theory of the complex urban ecosystem (including society, economy and nature) with metabolic function, a system of indicators is developed for evaluating urban ecosystem, through using factor analysis (FA), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a synthetic index. The urban metabolism model and the urban harmonious development model are constructed and then are employed to measure and evaluate the interactions among various variables for Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Tianjin, Chongqing, and Shenzhen. The urban metabolism model illustrates how the conversion of resources into useful products and wastes is similar to human metabolic processes or those of an ecosystem, and accounts for how the basic metabolic concept has been extended to include the livability of the CUE from a human perspective so that the socioeconomic aspects of sustainability are integrated with the environmental aspects. This means that the best way to reduce the impacts of socioeconomic development would be reduction of the resource inputs. On the other hand, the sustainability of development of a city is not only simply reduction of the metabolic flows (resource inputs and waste outputs), but also increase of the livability of the city, measured here by the recycling degree. There are two potential ways to purify the metabolites produced by the CUE: (1) reclamation of wastes, (2) making wastes harmless for the natural ecosystem. The harmonious development model presents the urban developmental trends by the developmental degree and the harmonious degree in response to the relationships between development pressure and carrying capacity in CUE. This model shows that the socioeconomic development pressure and the carrying capacity of the natural ecosystem are competing processes, and that ecological improvement is most possible when the socioeconomic development pressures are small and the carrying capacity of the natural ecosystem is large. At last some conclusions drew about the recycling degree, developmental degree, and the harmonious degree in six Chinese cities show that the key factors of urban sustainable development are the decrease of socioeconomic development pressure, the protection of natural ecosystem, and the raising of urban metabolism function. To reach such goals, each city must strengthen its potential for sustainable development, and must consider the recycling degree and the harmonious degree to define the break-even point for improving the health and livability of CUE.}, number = {1–2}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, author = {Zhang, Yan and Yang, Zhifeng and Yu, Xiangyi}, year = {2006}, keywords = {Complex urban ecosystem, Developmental degree, Harmonious degree, Interaction, Recycling degree}, pages = {77--89} }

@article{leontief_quantitative_1936, title = {Quantitative {Input} and {Output} {Relations} in the {Economic} {Systems} of the {United} {States}}, volume = {18}, issn = {00346535}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1927837?origin=crossref}, doi = {10.2307/1927837}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-11-22}, journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics}, author = {Leontief, Wassily W.}, month = aug, year = {1936}, note = {bibtex: QIORES}, pages = {105} }

@article{tory_human_2004, title = {Human factors in visualization research}, volume = {10}, issn = {1077-2626}, doi = {10.1109/TVCG.2004.1260759}, abstract = {Visualization can provide valuable assistance for data analysis and decision making tasks. However, how people perceive and interact with a visualization tool can strongly influence their understanding of the data as well as the system's usefulness. Human factors therefore contribute significantly to the visualization process and should play an important role in the design and evaluation of visualization tools. Several research initiatives have begun to explore human factors in visualization, particularly in perception-based design. Nonetheless, visualization work involving human factors is in its infancy, and many potentially promising areas have yet to be explored. Therefore, we aim to 1) review known methodology for doing human factors research, with specific emphasis on visualization, 2) review current human factors research in visualization to provide a basis for future investigation, and 3) identify promising areas for future research.}, number = {1}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics}, author = {Tory, M. and Moller, T.}, month = jan, year = {2004}, keywords = {Algorithms, Biomedical imaging, cognition, cognitive support, Computer Graphics, data analysis, data visualisation, Data visualization, decision making, decision making task, Fluid flow, Geographic Information Systems, Human Engineering, human factors, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Information Storage and Retrieval, Medical simulation, Online Systems, Pattern Recognition, Automated, perception, Research, research initiatives, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Terminology, User-Computer Interface, visualization, visual perception}, pages = {72--84} }

@article{susca_multiscale_2012, title = {Multiscale {Approach} to {Life} {Cycle} {Assessment}}, volume = {16}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00560.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00560.x}, abstract = {The urban environment is characterized by multiple interactions between its parts, and any change can determine a modification in its metabolism. Typically life cycle assessment (LCA) takes into account only part of the interactions. The main aim of this study was to present a hybrid analysis for enhancing the spatial resolution of LCA, focusing on surface albedo evaluation. In this article the substitution in New York City, New York, USA, of traditional roofs with a mean albedo of 0.32 with white roofs with an albedo of 0.9 has been hypothesized. A multiscale approach was used to evaluate the impact of variation in urban albedo, since it can influence the urban heat island (UHI), energy use, and atmospheric chemistry, affecting radiative forcings. The impact on global climate has been translated, through the use of a climatological model, into equivalents of carbon dioxide and added to the impact of the white roof. The effect of the summer UHI mitigation on human health has been assessed through the use of a hybrid model. Finally, the environmental burdens of a square meter of roof have been evaluated by considering the elementary flows—excluding the energy use—and added to the results deriving from the evaluation of the effects on human health and on climate change. In time horizons of 50 and 100 years, it shows that the increase in rooftop albedo plays an important role in decreasing the impact of rooftops on the climate-change and human health impact categories.}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Susca, Tiziana}, year = {2012}, keywords = {health effects, industrial ecology, life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle impact assessment (LCIA), rooftop albedo, urban heat island (UHI)}, pages = {951--962} }

@article{baynes_general_2012, series = {Human settlements and industrial systems}, title = {General approaches for assessing urban environmental sustainability}, volume = {4}, issn = {1877-3435}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343512001091}, doi = {10.1016/j.cosust.2012.09.003}, abstract = {Urban environmental sustainability assessment is increasingly a part of urban planning, from the perspective of mitigating local and global impacts and for adapting to regional and global resource constraints and anticipated climate events.

We examine general techniques under three categories: consumption-based, metabolism-based and complex systems approaches. We sample recent and salient applications at spatial scales ranging from neighbourhoods to metropolitan regions.

The scope and strengths of applications in these categories are complementary especially with regards to the attribution of impact. The first approach assesses environmental sustainability as a function of urban consumption, the second uses a more limited concept of consumption but better represents local and trans-boundary production activity and the third attributes cause and effect through quantifying relationships and feedbacks throughout the urban system.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability}, author = {Baynes, Timothy M and Wiedmann, Thomas}, month = oct, year = {2012}, pages = {458--464} }

@article{patricio_uncertainty_2015, title = {Uncertainty in {Material} {Flow} {Analysis} {Indicators} at {Different} {Spatial} {Levels}}, volume = {19}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12336/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12336}, abstract = {Material flow analysis (MFA) is a tool for research and decision support in environmental policy and management. In order to promote the use of MFA at different spatial scales, a quantification of the uncertainty in nationwide, regional, and urban MFA methodologies is provided. In particular, the impact of the input data quality on the main MFA indicators is analyzed and the sources and extent of uncertainties for different spatial scales are listed. The types, origin, and extent of the errors are described in detail and several imputation methods are explained and evaluated. By introducing a novel approach to account measurement errors in data sets with “very few details on the measurement errors,” this article aims at contributing to the development of a standardized method to account for the uncertainty in MFA studies. This study uses the time series of MFA data for 1996–2011 at three spatial scales—nationwide (Sweden), regional (the Stockholm Region), and metropolitan (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmo)—to determine how propagation of measurement errors affects the MFA results. The following MFA indicators were studied: direct material input; domestic processed output; and domestic material consumption. Generally, availability decreased as the spatial scale was lowered, whereas data errors increased. In the specific case of Sweden, the data on freight transport by rail and on waste produced by economic activities at the regional and metropolitan level should be improved.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Patrício, João and Kalmykova, Yuliya and Rosado, Leonardo and Lisovskaja, Vera}, month = oct, year = {2015}, keywords = {economy-wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA), industrial ecology, material flow analysis (MFA), uncertainty, urban metabolism, urban metabolism analyst (UMAn)}, pages = {837--852} }

@article{gonzalez_decision-support_2013, title = {A decision-support system for sustainable urban metabolism in {Europe}}, volume = {38}, issn = {0195-9255}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019592551200056X}, doi = {10.1016/j.eiar.2012.06.007}, abstract = {Urban metabolism components define the energy and material exchanges within a city and, therefore, can provide valuable information on the environmental quality of urban areas. Assessing the potential impact of urban planning alternatives on urban metabolism components (such as energy, water, carbon and pollutants fluxes) can provide a quantitative estimation of their sustainability performance. Urban metabolism impact assessment can, therefore, contribute to the identification of sustainable urban structures with regards, for example, to building types, materials and layout, as well as to location and capacity of transportation and infrastructural developments. In this way, it enables the formulation of planning and policy recommendations to promote efficient use of resources and enhance environmental quality in urban areas.

The European FP7 project BRIDGE (sustainaBle uRban plannIng Decision support accountinG for urban mEtabolism) has developed a decision-support system (DSS) that systematically integrates urban metabolism components into impact assessment processes with the aim of accurately quantifying the potential effects of proposed planning interventions. The DSS enables integration of multiple spatial and non-spatial datasets (e.g. physical flows of energy and material with variables of social and economic change) in a systematic manner to obtain spatially defined assessment results and to thus inform planners and decision-makers. This multi-criteria approach also enables incorporation of stakeholders' perceptions in order to prioritise decisive assessment criteria. This paper describes the methodological framework used to develop the DSS and critically examines the results of its practical application in five European cities.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Environmental Impact Assessment Review}, author = {González, Ainhoa and Donnelly, Alison and Jones, Mike and Chrysoulakis, Nektarios and Lopes, Myriam}, month = jan, year = {2013}, keywords = {European cities, Impact assessment, Sustainable planning, urban metabolism}, pages = {109--119} }

@article{guo_integrated_2014, title = {An integrated material metabolism model for stocks of urban road system in {Beijing}, {China}}, volume = {470–471}, issn = {0048-9697}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969713011856}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.041}, abstract = {Rapid urbanization has greatly altered the urban metabolism of material and energy. As a significant part of the infrastructure, urban roads are being rapidly developed worldwide. Quantitative analysis of metabolic processes on urban road systems, especially the scale, composition and spatial distribution of their stocks, could help to assess the resource appropriation and potential environmental impacts, as well as improve urban metabolism models. In this paper, an integrated model, which covered all types of roads, intersection structures and ancillary facilities, was built for calculating the material stocks of urban road systems. Based on a bottom-up method, the total stocks were disassembled into a number of stock parts rather than obtained by input–output data, which provided an approach promoting data availability and inner structure understanding. The combination with GIS enabled the model to tackle the complex structures of road networks and avoid double counting. In the case study of Beijing, the following results are shown: 1) The total stocks for the entire road system reached 159 million tons, of which nearly 80\% was stored in roads, and 20\% in ancillary facilities. 2) Macadam was the largest stock (111 million tons), while stone mastic asphalt, polyurethane plastics, and atactic polypropylene accounted for smaller components of the overall system. 3) The stock per unit area of pedestrian overcrossing was higher than that of the other stock units in the entire system, and its steel stocks reached 0.49 t/m2, which was 10 times as high as that in interchanges. 4) The high stock areas were mainly distributed in ring-shaped and radial expressways, as well as in major interchanges. 5) Expressways and arterials were excessively emphasized, while minor roads were relatively ignored. However, the variation of cross-sectional thickness in branches and neighborhood roads will have a significant impact on the scale of material stocks in the entire road system.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, author = {Guo, Zhen and Hu, Dan and Zhang, Fuhua and Huang, Guolong and Xiao, Qiang}, year = {2014}, keywords = {Bottom-up model, Infrastructure resource management, Material stock analysis, Road system, Urban infrastructure, urban metabolism}, pages = {883--894} }

@article{pincetl_response_2016, title = {Response to {Comment} on “{Analysis} of {High}-{Resolution} {Utility} {Data} for {Understanding} {Energy} {Use} in {Urban} {Systems}”}, volume = {20}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12385/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12385}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-10-28}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Pincetl, Stephanie}, year = {2016}, pages = {194--194} }

@article{pincetl_enabling_2014, title = {Enabling {Future} {Sustainability} {Transitions}}, volume = {18}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12144/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12144}, abstract = {This synthesis article presents an overview of an urban metabolism (UM) approach using mixed methods and multiple sources of data for Los Angeles, California. We examine electric energy use in buildings and greenhouse gas emissions from electricity, and calculate embedded infrastructure life cycle effects, water use and solid waste streams in an attempt to better understand the urban flows and sinks in the Los Angeles region (city and county). This quantification is being conducted to help policy-makers better target energy conservation and efficiency programs, pinpoint best locations for distributed solar generation, and support the development of policies for greater environmental sustainability. It provides a framework to which many more UM flows can be added to create greater understanding of the study area's resource dependencies. Going forward, together with policy analysis, UM can help untangle the complex intertwined resource dependencies that cities must address as they attempt to increase their environmental sustainability.}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Pincetl, Stephanie and Chester, Mikhail and Circella, Giovanni and Fraser, Andrew and Mini, Caroline and Murphy, Sinnott and Reyna, Janet and Sivaraman, Deepak}, year = {2014}, keywords = {building energy use, carbon emissions, environmental input-output life cycle assessment (EIO-LCA) model, industrial ecology, sustainable city, urban metabolism}, pages = {871--882} }

@book{brundtland_our_1987, address = {Oxford}, edition = {13. impr}, series = {Oxford paperbacks}, title = {Our common future}, isbn = {978-0-19-282080-8}, publisher = {Univ. Press}, author = Modèle:World Commission on Environment and Development, collaborator = {Brundtland, Gro Harlem}, year = {1987}, note = {OCLC: 257284032 bibtex: BRTLD} }

Part

@techreport{pincetl_potential_2009, title = {Potential {Targets} and {Benefits} for {Sustainable} {Communities} {Research}, {Development}, and {Demonstration} funded by the {PIER} {Program}}, url = {http://ccsc.environment.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/BOA-99-207-P_FINAL.pdf}, urldate = {2016-10-20}, institution = {California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program}, author = {Pincetl, Stephanie and Bunje, Paul M.E.}, month = jun, year = {2009}, note = {bibtex: PTBSCR} }

@article{di_donato_metabolism_2015, title = {Metabolism and {Environmental} {Impacts} of {Household} {Consumption}: {A} {Review} on the {Assessment}, {Methodology}, and {Drivers}}, volume = {19}, issn = {1530-9290}, shorttitle = {Metabolism and {Environmental} {Impacts} of {Household} {Consumption}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12356/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12356}, abstract = {The focus when analyzing the environmental requirements and impacts of the economic system is usually placed on production activities. But all production is associated with final consumption, and recently many studies have also been dedicated to final consumption. This article comprehensively reviews the biophysical assessment of households from the point of view of materials and energy required and emissions and wastes resulting from household consumption patterns. Although the aggregation bias and methodological variability make comparisons difficult, some patterns can be recognized. Results show that for many Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and a few developing countries, household metabolism has been mainly assessed from the energetic perspective, stressing household responsibility for emissions of greenhouse effect gases and climate change. Few studies deal with other emissions and wastes. There is a lack of information about material requirements, too. Environmental input-output (I-O) analysis and life cycle assessment are the methods usually employed, together with the use of economic, environmental, and expenditure information. Information about direct inputs and outputs is complemented with data on the environmental requirements associated with the consumption of goods and services. Multiregional I-O techniques have been used to capture upstream requirements in an attempt to avoid errors owing to truncation and domestic technology assumptions. Housing, food, and mobility are the most important consumption categories, but the shares of these categories in the requirements are different according to environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic factors. Finally, challenges for further research are discussed based on the need for new methodological developments, as well as the potential of the metabolic narrative to elaborate information relevant to sustainable consumption policies.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Di Donato, Monica and Lomas, Pedro L. and Carpintero, Óscar}, month = oct, year = {2015}, keywords = {environmental impact, environmental input-output analysis, household, life cycle assessment (LCA), material flow analysis (MFA), societal metabolism}, pages = {904--916} }

@techreport{noauthor_mettre_2008, title = {Mettre en œuvre une démarche d’écologie industrielle sur un parc d’activités}, url = {http://www.territoires-durables-paca.org/files/20131211_dmarchecologieindustrielleparcdactivitsOrebd.pdf}, abstract = {Ce guide est issu du travail collaboratif mené au sein du groupe de travail, réunissant des adhérents, de l’association Orée. Il s’adresse en particulier aux gestionnaires, aménageurs de zones d’activités et aux collectivités qui s’engagent dans une politique de développement durable, ainsi qu’aux responsables d’entreprises.}, institution = {Orée}, year = {2008}, note = {bibtex: MODEI} }

@article{baccini_citys_1997, title = {A city's metabolism: {Towards} the sustainable development of urban systems}, volume = {4}, issn = {1063-0732}, shorttitle = {A city's metabolism}, doi = {10.1080/10630739708724555}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {Journal of Urban Technology}, author = {Baccini, P.}, month = aug, year = {1997}, note = {WOS:A1997XY25600004}, pages = {27--39} }

@article{browne_comparison_2012, series = {Sustainability in {Global} {Product} {Chains}}, title = {Comparison of energy flow accounting, energy flow metabolism ratio analysis and ecological footprinting as tools for measuring urban sustainability: {A} case-study of an {Irish} city-region}, volume = {83}, issn = {0921-8009}, shorttitle = {Comparison of energy flow accounting, energy flow metabolism ratio analysis and ecological footprinting as tools for measuring urban sustainability}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921800912003114}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.08.006}, abstract = {This paper seeks to apply a number of biophysical sustainability metrics to an Irish city-region in order to evaluate the effect of methodological pluralism when measuring urban sustainability and to determine the outcome of using more than one method when measuring the sustainability of the same system boundary at a city-region level. It is concluded that a ‘toolkit’ approach can be useful in highlighting commonalities and differences between different metrics as well as capturing some of the deficiencies inherent in using a single biophysical metric. In addition, this paper develops an approach to measuring energy metabolism by outlining and applying the ‘energy flow metabolism ratio analysis’ methodology, which is used to measure the ratio of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as a function of energy material inputs.}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Ecological Economics}, author = {Browne, David and O'Regan, Bernadette and Moles, Richard}, month = nov, year = {2012}, keywords = {Ecological footprint analysis, Energy flow accounting, Energy metabolism, Methodological pluralism, Urban sustainability indicators}, pages = {97--107} }

@article{buessler_energie_2016, title = {Energie et acteurs : application de la méthode des graphes aux acteurs alsaciens}, copyright = {© CNRS-UMR Géographie-cités 8504}, issn = {1278-3366}, shorttitle = {Energie et acteurs}, url = {http://cybergeo.revues.org/27460}, doi = {10.4000/cybergeo.27460}, abstract = {Cet article s’insère dans le contexte actuel de la transition énergétique du point de vue de la réorganisation locale des acteurs de l’énergie. Il présente une méthode exploratoire pour cartographier de manière systématique le réseau d’acteurs de la scène énergétique en s’appuyant sur la méthode des graphes. La méthode s’applique aux acteurs alsaciens. L’acteur central est le pôle energivie.info. Huit acteurs communs à la région Alsace et aux deux principales collectivités (Eurométropole de Strasbourg et Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération) ont pu être répertoriés. La plupart de ces acteurs communs ont un rôle de diffusion de données et/ou de conseil, les autres sont des organes de représentation des métiers du secteur du bâtiment impliqués dans l’innovation et le développement. Chaque acteur a des missions différentes et complémentaires dans un paysage très dynamique.}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2016-11-10}, journal = {Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography}, author = {Buessler, Sophie and Weber, Christiane}, month = jan, year = {2016}, keywords = {Alsace, collectivité territoriale, énergie, énergie renouvelable, graphe, réseau} }

@article{demaria_contesting_2016, title = {Contesting {Urban} {Metabolism}: {Struggles} {Over} {Waste}-to-{Energy} in {Delhi}, {India}}, volume = {48}, issn = {1467-8330}, shorttitle = {Contesting {Urban} {Metabolism}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/anti.12191/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/anti.12191}, abstract = {Recent scholarship on the materiality of cities has been criticized by critical urban scholars for being overly descriptive and failing to account for political economy. We argue that through the conceptualization of urban metabolisms advanced by ecological economists and industrial ecologists, materialist and critical perspectives can be mutually enriching. We focus on conflict that has erupted in Delhi, India. Authorities have embraced waste-to-energy incinerators, and wastepickers fear that these changes threaten their access to waste, while middle class residents oppose them because of their deleterious impact on ambient air quality. We narrate the emergence of an unlikely alliance between these groups, whose politics opposes the production of a waste-based commodity frontier within the city. We conclude that the materiality and political economy of cities are co-constituted, and contestations over the (re)configuration of urban metabolisms span these spheres as people struggle to realize situated urban political ecologies.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Antipode}, author = {Demaria, Federico and Schindler, Seth}, month = mar, year = {2016}, keywords = {commodity frontier, environmental justice, political economy, Southern metropolises, urban political ecology, Waste}, pages = {293--313} }

@article{pincetl_analysis_2016, title = {Analysis of {High}-{Resolution} {Utility} {Data} for {Understanding} {Energy} {Use} in {Urban} {Systems}: {The} {Case} of {Los} {Angeles}, {California}}, volume = {20}, issn = {1530-9290}, shorttitle = {Analysis of {High}-{Resolution} {Utility} {Data} for {Understanding} {Energy} {Use} in {Urban} {Systems}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12299/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12299}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-10-28}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Pincetl, Stephanie and Graham, Robert and Murphy, Sinnott and Sivaraman, Deepak}, year = {2016}, note = {bibtex: AHRUD}, keywords = {building energy, electricity, energy conservation, resource efficiency, sustainable city, urban metabolism}, pages = {166--178} }

@article{zhang_urban_2013, title = {Urban metabolism: {A} review of research methodologies}, volume = {178}, issn = {02697491}, shorttitle = {Urban metabolism}, url = {http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0269749113001851}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2013.03.052}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-10-12}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, author = {Zhang, Yan}, month = jul, year = {2013}, note = {bibtex: UMRRM}, pages = {463--473} }

@book{brohe_comptabilite_2013, series = {Repères}, title = {La comptabilité carbone}, isbn = {978-2-7071-6939-6}, url = {http://www.cairn.info/la-comptabilite-carbone--9782707169396.htm}, publisher = {La Découverte}, author = {Brohé, Arnaud}, year = {2013} }

@article{zhang_development_2016, title = {Development of a spatially explicit network model of urban metabolism and analysis of the distribution of ecological relationships: case study of {Beijing}, {China}}, volume = {112, Part 5}, issn = {0959-6526}, shorttitle = {Development of a spatially explicit network model of urban metabolism and analysis of the distribution of ecological relationships}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652615007817}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.06.052}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, author = {Zhang, Yan and Xia, Linlin and Fath, Brian D. and Yang, Zhifeng and Yin, Xinan and Su, Meirong and Liu, Gengyuan and Li, Yanxian}, month = jan, year = {2016}, note = {bibtex: DSENM}, keywords = {Carbon emission, Carbon sequestration, Ecological network analysis, Ecological relationships, Spatial analysis, urban metabolism}, pages = {4304--4317} }

@article{farreny_energy_2008, title = {Energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of a purchase in the retail park service sector: {An} integrative approach}, volume = {36}, issn = {0301-4215}, shorttitle = {Energy intensity and greenhouse gas emission of a purchase in the retail park service sector}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508000888}, doi = {10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.013}, number = {6}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Energy Policy}, author = {Farreny, Ramon and Gabarrell, Xavier and Rieradevall, Joan}, year = {2008}, keywords = {Global warming potential, Life cycle assessment, Transportation energy}, pages = {1957--1968} }

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@article{niza_urban_2009, title = {Urban {Metabolism}}, volume = {13}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00130.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2009.00130.x}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2016-10-14}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Niza, Samuel and Rosado, Leonardo and Ferrão, Paulo}, year = {2009}, keywords = {domestic material consumption (DMC), industrial ecology, material balance, resource management, sustainable city, urban planning}, pages = {384--405} }

@book{lavoisier_traite_1789, title = {Traité élémentaire de chimie}, copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License}, url = {http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/52489}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2017-03-30}, author = {Lavoisier, Antoine}, year = {1789}, note = {Page Version ID: 130859631 bibtex: TECHI}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\AE4MQWQU\\index.html:text/html} }

@article{mostafavi_urban_2017, title = {Urban residential energy consumption modeling in the {Integrated} {Urban} {Metabolism} {Analysis} {Tool} ({IUMAT})}, volume = {114}, issn = {0360-1323}, doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.035}, abstract = {The Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT) is a system-based computational platform for quantifying the environmental impacts of urban development scenarios. IUMAT's EWM module is a bottom-up approach to generate energy, water, and material resources demand profiles based on building and neighborhood characteristics. This paper presents the EWM approach using national and regional datasets to identify the relationships between environmental impacts and resource use determinants within a simulation platform for urban metabolism analysis. We focus on residential energy consumption, which serves as a template for how the EWM module will be used to simulate commercial and industrial demand profiles. Quantile regression methods are applied to Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) 2009 data to describe the impacts of physical and socio-economic parameters on end use residential energy profiles and create a modeling framework for residential energy prediction. Also, a method for quantifying CO2 emissions and water consumption associated with energy production is outlined. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {English}, journal = {Building and Environment}, author = {Mostafavi, Nariman and Farzinmoghadam, Mohamad and Hoque, Simi}, month = mar, year = {2017}, note = {WOS:000393249800035}, keywords = {bottom-up, co2 emissions, demand, domestic energy, efficiency measures, Energy consumption, iumat, policies, Quantile regression, Residential energy use, sector, top-down, uk housing stock, Urban energy modeling, urban metabolism}, pages = {429--444} }

@article{morley_decision_2016, title = {Decision support system for the long-term city metabolism planning problem}, volume = {16}, issn = {1606-9749}, doi = {10.2166/ws.2015.167}, abstract = {A decision support system (DSS) tool for the assessment of intervention strategies (Alternatives) in an urban water system (UWS) with an integral simulation model called 'WaterMet(2)' is presented. The DSS permits the user to identify one or more optimal Alternatives over a fixed long-term planning horizon using performance metrics mapped to the TRUST sustainability criteria. The DSS exposes lists of in-built intervention options and system performance metrics for the user to compose new Alternatives. The quantitative metrics are calculated by the WaterMet(2) model, and further qualitative or user-defined metrics may be specified by the user or by external tools feeding into the DSS. A multi-criteria decision analysis approach is employed within the DSS to compare the defined Alternatives and to rank them with respect to a pre-specified weighting scheme for different Scenarios. Two rich, interactive graphical user interfaces, one desktop and one web-based, are employed to assist with guiding the end user through the stages of defining the problem, evaluating and ranking Alternatives. This mechanism provides a useful tool for decision makers to compare different strategies for the planning of UWS with respect to multiple Scenarios. The efficacy of the DSS is demonstrated on a northern European case study inspired by a real-life UWS for a mixture of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The results demonstrate how the DSS, integrated with an UWS modelling approach, can be used to assist planners in meeting their long-term, strategic-level sustainability objectives.}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {Water Science and Technology-Water Supply}, author = {Morley, M. S. and Vitorino, D. and Behzadian, K. and Ugarelli, R. and Kapelan, Z. and Coelho, S. T. and Almeida, M. Do Ceu}, month = apr, year = {2016}, note = {WOS:000374305100030}, keywords = {decision support system, intervention strategy, Management, model, performance, risk, tool, urban water cycle, water metabolism model}, pages = {542--550} }

@incollection{rosales_towards_2011, address = {Amsterdam}, title = {Towards the modeling of sustainability into urban planning: {Using} indicators to build sustainable cities}, volume = {21}, shorttitle = {Towards the modeling of sustainability into urban planning}, abstract = {During the process of building the sustainable development paradigm in the last four decades, the incorporation and integration of the urban dimension has been gaining importance, while it has been acknowledged that the majority of the most serious environmental threats are exacerbated by the high density and activity of urban life and its consumption patterns. Thus, different methods, techniques and instruments for urban sustainable assessment that seek to figure out how cities can become more sustainable have emerged. Among which, indicators are increasingly used as they provide a solid foundation for decision making, at all levels, and contributes to the building of sustainable self-regulated systems in which development and environment can be integrated. The present paper builds on the background of the recent movement towards the usage of indicators by introducing a carefully chosen set for quantifying sustainability performance at the urban level and into the planning process. By moving indicators from the ex-post evaluation of cities' problems to an ex-ante stage in which they can be operationalized as planning tools, this piece of work provides a contribution to traditional urban planning instruments and moves a step forward with regard to the construction of sustainability. In this framework indicators become key instruments in urban analysis, the design of policies, strategies, actions and programs for sustainable urban development. The paper starts by introducing the methodology and the urban sustainable indicators system for planning. This model then is tested and applied in a case study based on Mexico City's metabolism. Finally, the study provides a series of reflections on how successful strategies to enhance the long-term sustainability of cities can be developed by introducing sustainability indicators into the urban planning process. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of APAAS}, language = {English}, booktitle = {2011 {International} {Conference} on {Green} {Buildings} and {Sustainable} {Cities}}, publisher = {Elsevier Science Bv}, author = {Rosales, Natalie}, editor = {Secondini, P. and Wu, X. and Tondelli, S. and Wu, J. and Xie, H.}, year = {2011}, note = {WOS:000300505700081}, keywords = {instruments for sustainability, mexico city case study, sustainable cities, urban planning, urban sustainability idicators}, pages = {641--647} }

Part

@article{kenway_systemic_2015, title = {A systemic framework and analysis of urban water energy}, volume = {73}, issn = {1364-8152}, doi = {10.1016/j.envsoft.2015.08.009}, abstract = {Energy impacts of urban water systems are substantial, but not typically analysed systemically. We develop a new system boundary framework including a utility, the 'bulk water supply authority' (SB1); the 'urban water system' including water use (SB2); and the 'regional water system' (SB3). We use the framework to review existing models and show that most address only one boundary. We apply the framework to quantify thermal equivalents of water-related energy in SB1 and SB2, and identify that over 96\% of water-related energy in South East Queensland (SEQ) is outside SB1 and within SB2. Consideration of energy influenced by water use is paramount to systemic energy efficiency and optimisation in the urban water system. Clear articulation of system boundaries will improve modelling and management of the energy impact of urban water. Systemic modelling will help decision makers answer increasingly integrated and cross-system and sector questions regarding water and energy interactions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.}, language = {English}, journal = {Environmental Modelling \& Software}, author = {Kenway, S. J. and Binks, A. and Lane, J. and Lant, P. A. and Lam, K. L. and Simms, A.}, month = nov, year = {2015}, note = {WOS:000361906900023}, keywords = {Business case, challenges, Cities, conservation, Decision support, emissions, Infrastructure, Integrated, metabolism, opportunities, security}, pages = {272--285} }

@incollection{blecic_towards_2011, address = {Berlin}, title = {Towards a {Planning} {Decision} {Support} {System} for {Low}-{Carbon} {Urban} {Development}}, volume = {6782}, isbn = {978-3-642-21927-6 978-3-642-21928-3}, abstract = {The flows of carbon and energy produced by urbanized areas represent one of the aspects of urban sustainability that can have an important impact on climate change. For this reason, in recent years the quantitative estimation of the so-called urban metabolism components has increasingly attracted the attention of researchers from different fields. On the other hand, it has been well recognized that the structure and design of future urban development can significantly affect the flows of material and energy exchanged by an urban area with its surroundings. In this context, the paper discusses a software framework able to estimate the carbon exchanges accounting for alternative scenarios which can influence urban development. The modelling system is based on four main components: (i) a Cellular Automata model for the simulation of the urban land-use dynamics; (ii) a transportation model, able to estimate the variation of the transportation network load and (iii) the ACASA (Advanced Canopy-Atmosphere-Soil Algorithm) model which was tightly coupled with the (iv) mesoscale weather model WRF for the estimation of the relevant urban metabolism components. An in-progress application to the city of Florence is presented and discussed.}, language = {English}, booktitle = {Computational {Science} and {Its} {Applications} - {Iccsa} 2011, {Pt} {I}}, publisher = {Springer-Verlag Berlin}, author = {Blecic, Ivan and Cecchini, Arnaldo and Falk, Matthias and Marras, Serena and Pyles, David R. and Spano, Donatella and Trunfio, Giuseppe A.}, editor = {Murgante, B. and Gervasi, O. and Iglesias, A. and Taniar, D. and Apduhan, B. O.}, year = {2011}, note = {WOS:000305796800033}, keywords = {acasa, atmosphere-soil algorithm, cellular automata, land-use dynamics, model, urban metabolism, Urban sustainability}, pages = {423--438} }

@article{abou-abdo_dynamic_2011, title = {Dynamic modeling of {Singapore}'s urban resource flows: {Historical} trends and sustainable scenario development}, shorttitle = {Dynamic modeling of {Singapore}'s urban resource flows}, abstract = {The process of urbanization is one that is inextricably linked with the consumption of material, energy, and water resources. Urban metabolism provides a framework for characterizing the magnitudes of these urban resource requirements by considering the extended analogy of the biological metabolic process. In this study we propose a System Dynamics approach for linking the stocks and flows of urban metabolism with the socioeconomic activities of cities. We also present initial results from its application to the island city-state of Singapore. In the long term, we intend this technique of dynamic urban metabolism to be both descriptive and predictive, the former to better understand different historical modes of urban resource consumption, and the latter to inform strategies for resource efficient urban development in an increasingly resource-scarce world.}, language = {English}, journal = {2011 Ieee International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (issst)}, author = {Abou-Abdo, Tamas and Davis, Noel R. and Krones, Jonathan S. and Welling, Karen N. and Fernandez, John E.}, year = {2011}, note = {WOS:000297353100012}, keywords = {China, Cities, growth, metabolism, resource efficiency, Singapore, System Dynamics, urban metabolism} }

@book{li_measurement_2009, address = {New York}, title = {Measurement and evaluation of the material metabolism capability in typical {Chinese} cities}, isbn = {978-1-4244-3865-5}, abstract = {Based on neoclassical economic theories, such as the production possibility curve (production possibility frontier) and the social welfare indifferent curve, a model to measure urban material metabolism was proposed and an urban development mode was determined in this paper. Taking twelve typical Chinese cities as study subjects, the metabolic flux and eco-efficiency of water, energy and waste were calculated with a measurement model and their metabolic capabilities were evaluated extensively on their eco-efficiency and eco-equity ability. On the basis of material metabolism capability evaluated with the index of eco-efficiency and eco-equity, policymakers can determine the root cause of urban eco-environmental problems and take measures to optimize the process of urban material metabolism to achieve healthy urban ecosystem.}, language = {English}, publisher = {Ieee}, author = {Li, Ya-ting and Zhang, Yan and Li, Sheng-sheng}, editor = {Xu, J.}, year = {2009}, note = {WOS:000276195100010}, keywords = {capacity, city, ecosystem, hong-kong, model, urban metabolism} }

@article{morley_decision_2016-1, title = {Decision support system for the long-term city metabolism planning problem}, volume = {16}, issn = {1606-9749}, doi = {10.2166/ws.2015.167}, abstract = {A decision support system (DSS) tool for the assessment of intervention strategies (Alternatives) in an urban water system (UWS) with an integral simulation model called 'WaterMet(2)' is presented. The DSS permits the user to identify one or more optimal Alternatives over a fixed long-term planning horizon using performance metrics mapped to the TRUST sustainability criteria. The DSS exposes lists of in-built intervention options and system performance metrics for the user to compose new Alternatives. The quantitative metrics are calculated by the WaterMet(2) model, and further qualitative or user-defined metrics may be specified by the user or by external tools feeding into the DSS. A multi-criteria decision analysis approach is employed within the DSS to compare the defined Alternatives and to rank them with respect to a pre-specified weighting scheme for different Scenarios. Two rich, interactive graphical user interfaces, one desktop and one web-based, are employed to assist with guiding the end user through the stages of defining the problem, evaluating and ranking Alternatives. This mechanism provides a useful tool for decision makers to compare different strategies for the planning of UWS with respect to multiple Scenarios. The efficacy of the DSS is demonstrated on a northern European case study inspired by a real-life UWS for a mixture of quantitative and qualitative criteria. The results demonstrate how the DSS, integrated with an UWS modelling approach, can be used to assist planners in meeting their long-term, strategic-level sustainability objectives.}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {Water Science and Technology-Water Supply}, author = {Morley, M. S. and Vitorino, D. and Behzadian, K. and Ugarelli, R. and Kapelan, Z. and Coelho, S. T. and Almeida, M. Do Ceu}, month = apr, year = {2016}, note = {WOS:000374305100030}, keywords = {decision support system, intervention strategy, Management, model, performance, risk, tool, urban water cycle, water metabolism model}, pages = {542--550} }

@article{westerhoff_characterization_2015, title = {Characterization, {Recovery} {Opportunities}, and {Valuation} of {Metals} in {Municipal} {Sludges} from {U}.{S}. {Wastewater} {Treatment} {Plants} {Nationwide}}, volume = {49}, issn = {0013-936X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es505329q}, doi = {10.1021/es505329q}, abstract = {U.S. sewage sludges were analyzed for 58 regulated and nonregulated elements by ICP-MS and electron microscopy to explore opportunities for removal and recovery. Sludge/water distribution coefficients (KD, L/kg dry weight) spanned 5 orders of magnitude, indicating significant metal accumulation in biosolids. Rare-earth elements and minor metals (Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) detected in sludges showed enrichment factors (EFs) near unity, suggesting dust or soils as likely dominant sources. In contrast, most platinum group elements (i.e., Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt) showed high EF and KD values, indicating anthropogenic sources. Numerous metallic and metal oxide colloids ({\textless}100–500 nm diameter) were detected; the morphology of abundant aggregates of primary particles measuring {\textless}100 nm provided clues to their origin. For a community of 1 million people, metals in biosolids were valued at up to US\$13 million annually. A model incorporating a parameter (KD × EF × \$Value) to capture the relative potential for economic value from biosolids revealed the identity of the 13 most lucrative elements (Ag, Cu, Au, P, Fe, Pd, Mn, Zn, Ir, Al, Cd, Ti, Ga, and Cr) with a combined value of US \$280/ton of sludge.}, number = {16}, urldate = {2017-04-04}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, author = {Westerhoff, Paul and Lee, Sungyun and Yang, Yu and Gordon, Gwyneth W. and Hristovski, Kiril and Halden, Rolf U. and Herckes, Pierre}, year = {2015}, pages = {9479--9488}, file = {ACS Full Text Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\HI779U9S\\es505329q.html:text/html} }

@article{baize_epandages_2006, title = {Epandages de boues d'épuration urbaines sur des terres agricoles : impacts sur la composition en éléments en traces des sols et des grains de blé tendre}, volume = {53}, shorttitle = {Epandages de boues d'épuration urbaines sur des terres agricoles}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01199208}, abstract = {Les éléments traces métalliques (ETM – cadmium, chrome, cuivre, mercure, nickel, plomb, zinc, etc.) sont des constituants indésirables des boues d’épuration urbaines. Comme certains d’entre eux sont potentiellement toxiques et ne présentent aucun intérêt agronomique, leur présence génère une certaine inquiétude, parfaitement compréhensible lorsqu’il est question d’épandre ces déchets sur des sols destinés à produire des aliments pour l’Homme ou les animaux (CTP, 2000 ; Borraz, 2000 ; Tercé, 2001 ; Barbier et Lupton, 2003 ; Nicourt et Girault, 2003). On doit noter cependant que, sous le même vocable, on peut trouver des boues de compositions extrêmement diverses, selon qu’il s’agit de petites stations de bourgs ruraux ou de grosses stations d’une grande agglomération industrielle. D’où l’importance de bien connaître et de bien suivre la concentration en ETM dans les boues d’épuration produites.}, number = {53}, urldate = {2017-04-04}, journal = {Le Courrier de l'environnement de l'INRA}, author = {Baize, Denis and COURBE, Christian and Suc, Olivier and Schwartz, Christophe and Tercé, Martine and Bispo, Antonio and Sterckman, Thibault and Ciesielski, Henri}, year = {2006}, pages = {35--61}, file = {HAL Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\W5S8GVUM\\hal-01199208.html:text/html} }

@misc{region_grand-est_compte-rendu_2017, title = {Compte-rendu du séminaire d'enrichissement et de coordination des acteurs de l'écologie industrielle et territoriale du {Grand}-{Est}}, url = {http://www.economiecirculaire.org/community/pg/file/2080/read/5962/20170302-cr-sminaire-denrichissement-et-de-coordination}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2017-04-05}, author = Modèle:Région Grand-Est, month = mar, year = {2017} }

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@inproceedings{dumontier_information_1988, address = {France}, title = {L'{INFORMATION} {COMPTABLE}: {POUR} {QUI}? {POUR} {QUOI}?}, shorttitle = {L'{INFORMATION} {COMPTABLE}}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00823775}, abstract = {CET ARTICLE TRAITE DE L'INFORMATION COMPTABLE}, urldate = {2017-04-05}, booktitle = {9ème {Congrès} de l'{AFC}}, author = {Dumontier, Pascal and Raffournier, Bernard}, year = {1988}, pages = {cd--rom}, file = {HAL PDF Full Text:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\TKQBGT7V\\Dumontier et Raffournier - 1988 - L'INFORMATION COMPTABLE POUR QUI POUR QUOI.pdf:application/pdf} }

@article{locatelli_interdependances_2012, title = {Interdépendances et conflictualités russo-européennes en matière de gaz naturel}, issn = {1287-1672}, url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RIS_084_0095}, language = {fr}, number = {84}, urldate = {2017-04-05}, journal = {Revue internationale et stratégique}, author = {Locatelli, Catherine}, month = feb, year = {2012}, pages = {95--103}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\TU4P7FU5\\revue-internationale-et-strategique-2011-4-page-95.html:text/html} }

@incollection{occelli_cognitive_2006, title = {Cognitive {Modeling} of {Urban} {Complexity}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_14}, abstract = {New model potentials exist for coping with the complexities of today’s cities. These are related to the cognitive mediation role that modeling allows one to establish between the abstraction process (internal loop) and the external environment to which a model application belongs (external loop). The focus is turned to the two main aspects involved in that role, i.e. the modeling task and the technological interface. As far as the first is concerned, there are claims that model building in geography involves three main components: a syntactic component (how are the mechanisms underlying the functioning of the system accounted for?), a representational (semantic) component (what kind of urban descriptions are conveyed by the model?) and a purposive investigation project component (what is the modeling activity intended for?). As they increasingly rely on computing technology, models as cognitive mediators are not just simple, autonomous entities, but active complex objects. A model can therefore be understood as an ALC (Action, Learning, Communication) agent, capable of performing a certain course of Action, and permitting a certain Learning ability, which, because of its cognitive mediating role, Communicates with other kinds of agents (other models). This notion is then related to the various aspects of model-building in geography as originally introduced in the early seventies. These aspects are re-interpreted in light of the above characteristics. We conclude the paper with some remarks about the implications which may be derived as far as the harnessing of complexity in urban systems is concerned.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Occelli, Sylvie and Rabino, Giovanni A.}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_14}, pages = {219--233} }

@incollection{beuck_preliminary_2008, title = {Preliminary {Results} of a {Multi}-{Agent} {Traffic} {Simulation} for {Berlin}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_5}, abstract = {This paper provides an introduction to multi-agent traffic simulation. Metropolitan regions can consist of several million inhabitants, implying the simulation of several million travelers, which represents a considerable computational challenge. We reports on our recent case study of a real-world Berlin scenario. The paper explains computational techniques necessary to achieve results. It turns out that the difficulties there, because of data availability and because of the special situation of Berlin after the reunification, are considerably larger than in previous scenarios that we have treated.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Beuck, Ulrike and Rieser, Marcel and Strippgen, David and Balmer, Michael and Nagel, Kai}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_5}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {75--94} }

@incollection{portugali_structural-cognitive_2008, title = {A {Structural}-{Cognitive} {Approach} to {Urban} {Simulation} {Models}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_17}, abstract = {This paper focuses on two interrelated properties of the agent-base (AB) and cellular automata (CA) urban simulation models currently employed in the study cities: The global urban structures that emerge out of their dynamics plays no role in the dynamics itself and, agents’ behavior as postulated in these models disregards the basic principles of human cognition, behavior and action as revealed by cognitive science. These two properties are interrelated because empirical and theoretical studies in cognitive science indicate that agents’ behavior in cities is strongly influenced by the global structure of cities. The paper elaborates on the deep roots of these properties, identifies some of the major problems they entail, and suggests a structural-cognitive approach to urban simulation models.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Portugali, Juval}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_17}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {357--372} }

@incollection{batty_visualization_2006, title = {Visualization in {Spatial} {Modeling}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_4}, abstract = {This chapter deals with issues arising from a central theme in contemporary computer modeling — visualization. We first tie visualization to varieties of modeling along the continuum from iconic to symbolic and then focus on the notion that our models are so intrinsically complex that there are many different types of visualization that might be developed in their understanding and implementation. This focuses the debate on the very way of ‘doing science’ in that patterns and processes of any complexity can be better understood through visualizing the data, the simulations, and the outcomes that such models generate. As we have grown more sensitive to the problem of complexity in all systems, we are more aware that the twin goals of parsimony and verifiability which have dominated scientific theory since the ‘Enlightenment’ are up for grabs: good theories and models must ‘look right’ despite what our statistics and causal logics tell us. Visualization is the cutting edge of this new way of thinking about science but its styles vary enormously with context. Here we define three varieties: visualization of complicated systems to make things simple or at least explicable, which is the role of pedagogy; visualization to explore unanticipated outcomes and to refine processes that interact in unanticipated ways; and visualization to enable end users with no prior understanding of the science but a deep understanding of the problem to engage in using models for prediction, prescription, and control. We illustrate these themes with a model of an agricultural market which is the basis of modern urban economics — the von Thünen model of land rent and density; a model of urban development based on interacting spatial and temporal processes of land development — the DUEM model; and a pedestrian model of human movement at the fine scale where control of such movements to meet standards of public safety is intrinsically part of the model about which the controllers know intimately.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Batty, Michael and Steadman, Philip and Xie, Yichun}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_4 bibtex: VSMOD}, pages = {49--70} }

@incollection{arentze_multi-agent_2006, title = {Multi-{Agent} {Models} of {Spatial} {Cognition}, {Learning} and {Complex} {Choice} {Behavior} in {Urban} {Environments}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_12}, abstract = {This chapter provides an overview of ongoing research projects in the DDSS research program at TUE related to multi-agents. Projects include (a) the use of multi-agent models and concepts of artificial intelligence to develop models of activity-travel behavior; (b) the use of a multi-agent model to simulate pedestrian movement in urban environments; (c) the use of multi-agent models for simulating the dynamics of land development; (d) the use of multi-agent models to simulate learning and adaptation behavior in non-stationary urban environments and under conditions of uncertainty and information search and (e) the development of computational models linking cognition, choice set formation, activity travel behavior and land use dynamics. The scope, theoretical underpinnings and results of numerical and empirical simulations are presented.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Arentze, Theo and Timmermans, Harry}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_12}, pages = {181--200} }

Part

@incollection{bogachev_cities_2008, title = {Cities as {Evolutionary} {Systems} in {Random} {Media}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_8}, abstract = {The purpose of the paper is to discuss some potential applications of random media theory to urban modelling, with the emphasis on the intermittency phenomenon. The moment test of intermittency is explained using the model of continuous-time branching random walk on the integer lattice ℤd with random branching rates. Statistical moments of the population density are studied using a Cauchy problem for the Anderson operator with random potential. The Feynman-Kac representation of the solution is discussed, and Lyapunov exponents responsible for the super-exponential growth of the moments are evaluated. The higher-order Lyapunov exponents are also obtained. The results suggest that the higher-order intermittency is reduced, in a sense, to that of the mean population density.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Bogachev, Leonid}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_8}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {143--161} }

@incollection{semboloni_citydev_2006, title = {The {CityDev} {Project}: {An} {Interactive} {Multi}-agent {Urban} {Model} on the {Web}}, shorttitle = {The {CityDev} {Project}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_10}, abstract = {In this paper I present a multi-agent simulation model of the development of a city. The model, CityDev, is based on agents, goods and markets. Each agent (family, industrial firm, developer, etc.) produces goods by using other goods, and trades the goods in the markets. Each good has a price, and the monetary aspects are included in the simulation. When agents produce goods and interact in the markets, the urban fabric is built and transformed. The computer model (simulator) runs on a 3-D spatial pattern organized in cubic cells. In the present paper the model is described and results are shown.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Semboloni, Ferdinando}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_10}, pages = {155--163} }

@article{diemer_lecologie_2007, title = {L’écologie industrielle : quand l’écosystème industriel devient un vecteur du développement durable}, copyright = {Développement Durable et Territoires est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International.}, issn = {1772-9971}, shorttitle = {L’écologie industrielle}, url = {http://developpementdurable.revues.org/4121}, doi = {10.4000/developpementdurable.4121}, abstract = {L’écologie industrielle, définie par Robert Frosch (1995) comme « l’ensemble des pratiques destinées à réduire la pollution industrielle », nous amène à penser que l’écosystème industriel peut être un véritable vecteur du développement durable. L’ingénierie écologique et l’écotechnologie recommandent aux industriels de procéder à un ensemble d’opérations de rationalisation de la production (optimisation des consommations énergétiques et matérielles, minimisation des déchets à la source,réutilisation des rejets pour servir de matières premières à d’autres processus de production). Les symbioses industrielles et les parcs éco-industriels sont généralement présentés comme des modèles de rationalisation industrielle et des illustrations tangibles du développement durable.}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2016-12-02}, journal = {Développement durable et territoires. Économie, géographie, politique, droit, sociologie}, author = {Diemer, Arnaud and Labrune, Sylvère}, month = aug, year = {2007}, keywords = {écologie industrielle, écotechnolologie, métabolisme, parc-éco industriel, symbiose, taillis à très courte rotation} }

@incollection{pumain_socio-spatial_2008, title = {The {Socio}-{Spatial} {Dynamics} of {Systems} of {Cities} and {Innovation} {Processes}: a {Multi}-{Level} {Model}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {The {Socio}-{Spatial} {Dynamics} of {Systems} of {Cities} and {Innovation} {Processes}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_18}, abstract = {Following a first attempt presented as the SIMPOP model (a multi-agents systems whose prototype is described in Bura et al. 1996), our aim is to develop a generic model for simulating the evolution of systems of towns and cities, using the SWARM simulation platform. The scientific issue is: to understand how cities that are interconnected through material and immaterial networks co-evolve, within an environment where social and economic innovation continuously emerge, while maintaining at a macro-geographical scale functional, hierarchic and spatial differentiation which evolve at a much slower pace. The SIMPOP2 model is designed for testing hypothesis about the general processes of urbanisation and interactions between towns and cities. The objective is to identify and order the rules and parameters that have produced a variety of configuration at the level of the systems of cities, according mainly to the changing conditions of spatial interaction: communication means, transportation speed, range of trading activities, proximity networks and long distance connectivity. Three main varieties of urban systems that have had different histories of urbanisation and conditions of circulation will be investigated: developed countries with old settlement systems, developed countries of much more recent urbanisation, and developing countries. A first generic version of the model includes the minimal rules that seem necessary for reproducing the emergence and evolution of any system of cities, whereas three different scenarios will be constructed for simulating the characteristic features of the three main variations.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Pumain, Denise}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_18}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {373--389} }

@phdthesis{fernandez_urban_2007, address = {Cambridge, MA}, title = {Urban {Metabolism}: {Ecologically} sensitive construction for a sustainable {New} {Orleans}}, shorttitle = {Urban {Metabolism}}, school = {MIT}, author = {Fernandez, John and Quinn, David and Quinn, David and Quinn, David}, year = {2007} }

@book{weissenstein_eco-profil_2012, title = {Éco-profil : un outil d'assistance à l'éco-conception architecturale}, shorttitle = {Éco-profil}, url = {http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0341}, abstract = {Cette recherche porte sur le développement d'une méthode d'estimation de la qualité environnementale afin d'assister l'éco-conception. Nous avons nommé cette méthode Éco-Profil. Nous nous sommes attachés plus singulièrement à développer un outil adapté aux particularités de la conception architecturale, l'objectif étant de favoriser une (re)mise en question environnementale le plus tôt possible dans le processus de conception. Après avoir exploré différentes approches et outils d'assistance environnementale, nous avons identifié les limites qui expliquent, en partie, les difficultés de ces outils à être intégrés dans la conception architecturale. Certaines phases de conception semblent ne bénéficier que de peu d'assistance, notamment les étapes préliminaires. Pourtant nous savons qu'elles sont essentielles à l'intégration des enjeux environnementaux. Nous proposons une méthode pour assister l'ensemble de la conception architecturale en réponse aux limites identifiées. Une approche estimative par référentiel est mise en place. Elle comporte la particularité d'être globale, qualitative, contextualisé et progressive et possède une instrumentation visuelle analysable. C'est notamment ces caractéristiques qui permettent l'utilisation de la méthode lors des phases de conception en proposant au concepteur le ou les profils environnementaux de son projet. Le développement d'une application prototype nous a conduits à une expérimentation d'Éco-profil. Différents tests ont largement confirmé les hypothèses formulées et la pertinence de la méthode proposée}, urldate = {2017-04-07}, publisher = {Université de Lorraine}, author = {Weissenstein, Charline}, month = dec, year = {2012} }

@incollection{johnson_multidimensional_2008, title = {Multidimensional {Events} in {Multilevel} {Systems}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_15}, abstract = {Design involves assembling parts into whole to satisfy specified relationships. Binary relations between pairs of elements are not rich enough to represent the generality of this. Powerful though they are, graphs and networks must be extended to multidimensional networks to represent the many subtleties of complex systems. These structures underlie a natural theory of multilevel systems that has within it a kind of structural time defined by multidimensional events. Slow changing relational structure is discriminated from fast moving events captured by patterns of numbers. It will shown that the former acts as a kind of multilevel multidimensional backcloth for the multilevel multidimensional dynamic traffic of the latter. The theory will be illustrated by examples.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Johnson, Jeffrey}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_15}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {311--334} }

@incollection{haken_recognition_2006, title = {Recognition of {Natural} and {Artificial} {Environments} by {Computers}: {Commonalities} and {Differences}}, shorttitle = {Recognition of {Natural} and {Artificial} {Environments} by {Computers}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_3}, abstract = {In this paper I point at specific differences between natural and artificial environments with respect to recognition procedures by computers. In general the artificial environment appears far more regular than the natural environment. Basic computer procedures for pattern recognition are outlined. Special emphasis is laid on the semantics of a city where the study of languages as semantic networks is invoked as a paradigm where basic concepts of synergetics such as order parameters and the slaving principle are used.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Haken, Hermann}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_3}, pages = {31--48} }

@incollection{andersson_ontogeny_2008, title = {Ontogeny and {Ontology} in {Complex} {Systems} {Modeling}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_3}, abstract = {In this paper the ontogeny of complex systems models is discussed: the historical aspect of model ontology. The theoretical framework that is applied is complex systems theory and more specifically evolution and dynamical hierarchies. Some issues relating to the role and applicability of complex systems models are also discussed.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Andersson, Claes}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_3}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {43--58} }

Part

@article{goncalves_open_2016, title = {Open data et droit de la donnée : les collectivités à l’épreuve des réglementations européennes}, copyright = {© CNRS-UMR Géographie-cités 8504}, issn = {1278-3366}, shorttitle = {Open data et droit de la donnée}, url = {http://cybergeo.revues.org/27750}, doi = {10.4000/cybergeo.27750}, abstract = {Les institutions européennes ont promu l’harmonisation, le partage et la réutilisation des données publiques et en particulier des données géographiques avec plusieurs directives entre 2003 et 2013. Mais au cours des 10 dernières années, cette harmonisation et cette ouverture des données s’est révélée être un processus lent et nécessitant un important effort de la part de l’ensemble des acteurs publics, à différentes échelles. Et les collectivités locales semblent être « en retard » au regard des autres échelons européens. Cet article fait l’hypothèse que le choix de la thématique environnementale correspondait à une stratégie de mobilisation des acteurs sur une dimension porteuse pour les citoyens européens, mais que ce choix n’était pas le plus adapté pour les collectivités territoriales. L’article propose d’interroger à différentes échelles les difficultés réglementaires, techniques et politiques de mise en œuvre des réglementations européennes, d’harmonisation et d’ouverture des données géographiques. Il s’appuie sur une enquête auprès des collectivités locales pour comparer les situations à l’échelle la plus fine en Espagne, en France, au Portugal et au Royaume-Uni.}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2016-12-02}, journal = {Cybergeo : European Journal of Geography}, author = {Goncalves, Dann and Rufat, Samuel}, month = aug, year = {2016}, note = {bibtex: ODDD}, keywords = {collectivités locales, directive, données ouvertes, droit de la donnée, Espagne, France, géomatique, géoweb, Portugal, Royaume-Uni, Union européenne} }

@incollection{haag_dynamics_2008, title = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}: {Theory} and {Application} of the {STASA}-{Model} within the {Scatter} {Project}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_12}, abstract = {In order to understand current settlement pattern and its future development the essential characteristics of the interrelated dynamics of the transport system, the urban/regional settlement pattern, demographic effects and the impacts of different policy measures and external effects have to be considered in an interdisciplinary approach. The modelling of the spatio-temporal patterns of a system consisting of different sub-models (population, transport, production, etc.) is used to demonstrate the necessity to link different theoretical frameworks. External shocks may sometimes require a modification of the system under consideration in the sense that new dynamic variables appear or previously useful variables disappear. Policy advises on the base of different scenarios are useful in a planning context in the attempt to shape the future taking into account different scenario results, instead of just adapting to what may emerge. This procedure is especially important when essential parts of the system cannot be controlled by policy measures and depend on exogenous factors. For the region of Stuttgart, the model framework was used within the SCATTER project. Four different policy scenarios: reference scenario (no additional policy measure applied); fiscal measures; regulatory measures applied to companies and increase of car use costs will be simulated in an recursive procedure. The results of the different policy measures will be discussed and critically evaluated with respect to urban sprawl and sustainable development aspects. The developed framework can also be used as simulation tool for the estimation of secondary induced traffic impacts.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Haag, Günter and Binder, Jan}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_12 bibtex: DCUS1}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {245--264} }

@incollection{frankhauser_fractal_2008, title = {Fractal {Geometry} for {Measuring} and {Modelling} {Urban} {Patterns}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_11}, abstract = {Urban growth generates nowadays patterns, which look rather irregular. Planning policy regrets the lack of compactness and density of these agglomerations, but controlling urban sprawl turns out to be difficult. Obviously a new type of spatial organisation emerges, which is rather the result of a self-organisation process to which a high number of social agents contribute. In the present contribution we focus on the use of fractal geometry which turned out to be a powerful instrument for describing the morphology of these patterns. After an introduction about the context of research, fractal models are presented, which serve as reference models for better understanding the spatial organisation of settlement patterns. Then the methodology for measuring their morphology by means of fractal parameters is explained. Moreover different peculiar topics are considered like a specific approach of urban boundaries. Then an overview is given over results obtained for a couple of agglomerations in different European countries. The interpretation of these results allows establishing links between urban planning policy and pattern morphology. Applying the idea of self-organisation leads to introducing a fractal order parameter for studying the emergent fractal order in urban patterns. The presentation of these quantitative results will be completed by some reflections about how planning concepts based on fractal geometry may help to manage more efficiently urban sprawl.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Frankhauser, Pierre}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_11}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {213--243} }

@incollection{bernon_methodes_2009, series = {Collection {IC}2}, title = {Méthodes orientées agent et multi-agent}, url = {https://hal-emse.ccsd.cnrs.fr/emse-00675567}, abstract = {Les systèmes multi-agents (SMA) ont montré leur pertinence pour la conception d'applications distribuées (logiquement ou physiquement), complexes et robustes. Le concept d'agent est aujourd'hui plus qu'une technologie efficace, il représente un nouveau paradigme pour le développement de logiciels dans lesquels l'agent est un logiciel autonome qui a un objectif, évolue dans un environnement et interagit avec d'autres agents au moyen de langages et de protocoles (voir le chapitre 1 " Introduction aux systèmes multi-agents "). Souvent, l'agent est considéré comme un objet " intelligent " ou comme un niveau d'abstraction au-dessus des objets et des composants (voir le chapitre 5 " Composants logiciels et systèmes multi-agents "). Les méthodes de développement orientées objet - au vu des différences entre les objets et les agents - ne sont pas directement applicables au développement de SMA. Il est alors devenu nécessaire d'étendre ou de développer de nouveaux modèles, de nouvelles méthodologies et de nouveaux outils adaptés au concept d'agent.}, urldate = {2016-12-13}, booktitle = {Technologies des systèmes multi-agents et applications industrielles}, publisher = {Hermès - Lavoisier}, author = {Bernon, Carole and Gleizes, Marie-Pierre and Picard, Gauthier}, editor = {Briot, A. El Fallah-Seghrouchni; J.-P.}, year = {2009}, note = {http://www.emse.fr/ picard/publications/bernon09industrie.pdf}, pages = {chapter 2} }

@article{shahrokni_smart_2015, title = {Smart {Urban} {Metabolism}: {Towards} a {Real}-{Time} {Understanding} of the {Energy} and {Material} {Flows} of a {City} and {Its} {Citizens}}, volume = {22}, issn = {1063-0732}, shorttitle = {Smart {Urban} {Metabolism}}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.954899}, doi = {10.1080/10630732.2014.954899}, abstract = {Urban metabolism is a concept employed to understand the flow of energy and materials through urban areas. However, applying this approach at the city level has been limited by the lack of data at this scale. This paper reviews the current application of the urban metabolism concept and proposes the concept of a “smart urban metabolism” (SUM). Through integrating ICT and smart-city technologies, the SUM model can provide real-time feedback on energy and material flows, from the level of the household to the urban district. This is highlighted through an example of its application in the Stockholm Royal Seaport, Sweden.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-12-02}, journal = {Journal of Urban Technology}, author = {Shahrokni, Hossein and Lazarevic, David and Brandt, Nils}, month = jan, year = {2015}, keywords = {ICT, material flow analysis, real-time, smart cities, urban metabolism}, pages = {65--86} }

@article{engel-yan_toward_2005, title = {Toward sustainable neighbourhoods: the need to consider infrastructure interactions}, volume = {32}, issn = {0315-1468}, shorttitle = {Toward sustainable neighbourhoods}, doi = {10.1139/L04-116}, abstract = {This paper details the role of infrastructure in promoting sustainability at the neighbourhood scale. A sustainable neighbourhood design process is outlined and the importance of adopting a systems perspective and considering infrastructure interconnections is emphasized. The performance of local infrastructure systems (e.g., buildings and local transportation network) is influenced by interactions with the greater urban region and with other local infrastructure. Through a broad review of the literature on transportation, water, building, and urban forestry systems, this paper identifies many of these extra- and inter-neighbourhood interactions. The paper concludes that it is difficult to achieve neighbourhood sustainability objectives without infrastructure systems at the urban scale that support these micro-scale goals. Furthermore, interactions between local infrastructure systems can have a positive or negative impact on infrastructure performance and environmental impacts. Careful consideration of these relationships during neighbourhood design could yield significant improvements in infrastructure resource efficiency as well as reductions in pollutant emissions and overall costs.}, language = {English}, number = {1}, journal = {Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering}, author = {Engel-Yan, J. and Kennedy, C. and Saiz, S. and Pressnail, K.}, month = feb, year = {2005}, note = {WOS:000229115600005}, keywords = {buildings, community, design, framework, heat islands, infrastructure systems, quality, sustainable neighbourhood design, systems, transportation, urban, urban forestry, water, water management}, pages = {45--57} }

@book{el_fallah_seghrouchni_technologies_2009, address = {Paris}, title = {Technologies des systèmes multi-agents et applications industrielles}, isbn = {978-2-7462-1785-0}, language = {French}, publisher = {Lavoisier : Hermes Science}, author = {El Fallah Seghrouchni, Amal and Briot, Jean-Pierre}, year = {2009}, note = {OCLC: 495266013} }

@article{newman_sustainability_1999-1, title = {Sustainability and cities: extending the metabolism model}, volume = {44}, issn = {0169-2046}, shorttitle = {Sustainability and cities}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204699000092}, doi = {10.1016/S0169-2046(99)00009-2}, abstract = {The use of the metabolism concept, expanded to include aspects of livability, is applied to cities to demonstrate the practical meaning of sustainability. Its application in industrial ecology, urban ecology, urban demonstration projects, business plans and city comparisons are used to illustrate its potential.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, journal = {Landscape and Urban Planning}, author = {Newman, Peter W. G}, month = sep, year = {1999}, keywords = {Cities, ecosystem, indicators, livability, metabolism, sustainability}, pages = {219--226} }

Part

@incollection{portugali_complex_2006, title = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments} — {ESLab}’s {Experience}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_7}, abstract = {The Environmental Simulation Laboratory (ESLab) is one of several laboratories, research centers and planning and design organizations that have emerged in the last two decades with a configuration that focuses on complex artificial environments in general, and on cities and their dynamics, in particular. The specific experience gained at ESLab is employed in this paper to discuss the various theoretical, methodological, social and ethical issues associated with the above emerging bodies.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Portugali, Juval and Team, ESLab}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_7}, pages = {95--115} }

@incollection{white_modeling_2006, title = {Modeling {Multi}-scale {Processes} in a {Cellular} {Automata} {Framework}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_11}, abstract = {When modeling land use changes in large regions or countries it has been necessary to combine two or more models operating at different scales. Typically location and relocation of population and economic activity is handled by a spatial interaction based model defined on statistical units like census tracts or counties, and the output of this model then drives a CA based model of land use, constraining cell totals in each of the regions. This approach works relatively well when the statistical areas are numerous and functionally coherent (e.g. urban centred regions). But when the areas are few, and worse, polycentric, results are very poor. An alternative approach is to attribute the activities to the cells of the corresponding land uses, and then to treat the dynamics at both scales using a single CA. In order to do this, the CA is defined with a variable size grid, so that the neighbourhood of each cell includes the entire modelled area, but the number of cells in the neighbourhood is relatively small, since the cells in each successive ring of cells in the neighbourhood is nine times as large as the cells in the preceding ring. And since each cell neighbourhood includes the entire modelled area, spatial processes at all scales are included in the cellular transition rules. The theoretical strength of the approach and the practical advantages in many applications are clear. First tests in applications previously modelled with a single scale CA linked to a spatial interaction based regional model indicate that the approach eliminates several problems inherent in the conventional approach; for example boundary effects, where urban growth cannot cross regional boundaries, disappear, and in large regions growth is distributed more realistically.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {White, Roger}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_11}, pages = {165--177} }

@incollection{hatna_study_2008, title = {Study of {Urban} {Developers}’ {Behavior} in a {Game} {Environment}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_13}, abstract = {Most urban models accept the assumptions of the Markov processes: the state and location of each urban object at time step t+1 are defined by its state, location and environmental conditions at t. This assumption is not at all evident, just because the city is developed by humans who have memory and might implement long-term development plans, and, thus demands confirmations. The Markov nature of developers’ behavior is investigated on the base of laboratory experiments, in which 30 participants were asked to construct a ‘city’ on the floor of a hall; each participant had to use the same set of mock-up buildings. Each mock-up established was represented as a feature of GIS layer, and its urban function, given by the participant, was recorded. The analysis of participants’ behavior reveals that the relation between the urban pattern on the step t of the experiment and the decision regarding the urban function and location of the mock-up at t+1 is very close to assumed by the Markov theory. Based on the experimental results, spatially explicit model of participants’ behavior was further constructed. The comparison between the experimental and the model patters, in their dynamics, clearly favor the idea of a shared Markov process as the basis for representing human urban development behavior. In the same time, with the increase in city complexity, the spectrum of participants’ behavior becomes wider that that of the model and some participants tends to deviate from it This experiment is a preliminary yet important step towards the experimental study of decision-making behavior among real developers and planners, which provide the basis for description of the real-world urban dynamics.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Hatna, Erez and Benenson, Itzhak}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_13}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {265--286} }

@article{christopher_a._kennedy_metabolism_2008, title = {Metabolism of {Neighborhoods}}, url = {http://ascelibrary.org/doi/10.1061/%28ASCE%290733-9488%282008%29134%3A1%2821%29}, doi = {10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9488(2008)134:1(21)}, urldate = {2017-01-23}, author = {{Christopher A. Kennedy} and {Natalia Codoban}}, month = mar, year = {2008}, note = {bibtex: MNGBH} }

@incollection{torrens_geosimulation_2006, title = {Geosimulation and its {Application} to {Urban} {Growth} {Modeling}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_8}, abstract = {Automata-based models have enjoyed widespread application to urban simulation in recent years. Cellular automata (CA) and multi-agent systems (MAS) have been particularly popular. However, CA and MAS are often confused. In many instances, CA are paraphrased as agent-based models and simply re-interpreted as MAS. This is interesting from a geographical standpoint, because the two may be distinguished by their spatial attributes. First, they differ in terms of their mobility: CA cannot “move”, but MAS are mobile entities. Second, in terms of interaction, CA transmit information by diffusion over neighborhoods; MAS transmit information by themselves, moving between locations that can be at any distance from an agent’s current position. These different views on the basic geography of the system can have important implications for urban simulations developed using the tools. It may result in different space-time dynamics between model runs and may have important consequences for the use of the models as applied tools. In this chapter, a patently spatial framework for urban simulation with automata Tools is described: Geographic Automata Systems (GAS). The applicability of the GAS approach will be demonstrated with reference to practical implementations, showing how the framework can be used to develop intuitive models of urban dynamics.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Torrens, Paul M.}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_8}, pages = {119--136} }

@incollection{cutini_grilling_2008, title = {Grilling the {Grid}: a {Non}-{Ultimate} ({Nor} {Objective}) {Report} on the {Configurational} {Approach} to {Urban} {Phenomena}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {Grilling the {Grid}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_9}, abstract = {This paper is a report on the configurational theory, the unconventional approach to urban phenomena that was introduced by Bill Hillier in the mid ’80s and still attracts and stimulates researchers all over the world. It won’t be exhaustive, since it can’t but neglect most of the several techniques that, on the common configurational basis, have been worked out so far. It won’t be ultimate, since at present researchers are still working hard and carrying on developments on the matter. It won’t be objective either, since the stated purpose of the paper is the introduction and the discussion of a new, original method, the MaPPA, and its placement as the logical terminus of decades of studies and experimentations. But, all in all, the underlying purpose of the paper is to outline the usefulness and the reliability of such approach, to highlight benefits and limits of the several techniques, as well as to figure possible lines of improvement and development of the presented methods.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Cutini, Valerio}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_9}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {163--183} }

@incollection{pumain_transferring_2006, title = {Transferring {Concepts} for {Urban} {Modeling}: {Capture} or {Exchange}?}, shorttitle = {Transferring {Concepts} for {Urban} {Modeling}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_5}, abstract = {The development of a theory of complex systems that establish bridges between disciplines of the natural and social sciences appears together as an opportunity and as a challenge for urban modeling. Borrowing concepts and tools from formalised disciplines may help to more satisfying expressions of urban theories and to a better understanding of abstract processes that are behind urban dynamics. However, the specific features of social systems should not be neglected or underestimated while operating these transfers. Proper adapted ontologies have to be preserved for urban entities and the new experiments should be able to become part of the previously existing urban knowledge, helping to revise it, not replacing it.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Pumain, Denise}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_5}, pages = {71--82} }

@incollection{rabino_great_2008, title = {The {Great} {Return} of {Large} {Scale} {Urban} {Models}: {Revival} or “{Renaissance}”?}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {The {Great} {Return} of {Large} {Scale} {Urban} {Models}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_19}, abstract = {There are many evidences for a great return of large-scale urban models. Nevertheless this revival could be a true renaissance, only if the modellers will win seven challenges, in dealing with changes in urban phenomena, in urban theories, in planning theories and practices, in modelling activity, in types of models and in technical aspect of modelling. The supreme challenge, however, in building good urban models will be to join scientific and classical cultures.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Rabino, Giovanni A.}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_19}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {391--407} }

@incollection{semboloni_multi-agent_2008, title = {The {Multi}-{Agent} {Simulation} of the {Economic} and {Spatial} {Dynamics} of a {Poli}-{Nucleated} {Urban} {Area}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_20}, abstract = {A multi-agents simulation model for the development of a poli-nucleated urban area is presented. This model, CityDev, is based on agents, goods and markets. Each agent (family, industrial firm, commercial firm, service firm, or developer) produces goods (labor, buildings, consumption goods) by using other goods and exchanges the goods in the markets. Each agent needs a building where to live or work, hence the urban fabric is produced and transformed as the result of the co-evolution of the economic and spatial systems. The model is applied to Florence (Italy) and its main feature — the interactivity via Internet is shown. In fact web users can direct during the simulation the agents generated by the simulator as well as the new agents established by themselves. In conclusion the basic characteristics of a multiagents method are highlighted: the comprehensive character of an agent based simulation, the ability to interact with human users, and the validation based both on observed data and on a direct interaction with real actors.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Semboloni, Ferdinando}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_20}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {409--427} }

Part

@incollection{omer_enhancing_2006, title = {Enhancing the {Legibility} of {Virtual} {Cities} by {Means} of {Residents}’ {Urban} {Image}: a {Wayfinding} {Support} {System}}, shorttitle = {Enhancing the {Legibility} of {Virtual} {Cities} by {Means} of {Residents}’ {Urban} {Image}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_16}, abstract = {In this paper we present an operative Wayfinding Support System (WSS) for a virtual city using the virtual model of Tel Aviv for targeted and exploration wayfinding tasks. The WSS was developed under the assumption that a design of a virtual city should allow a transfer of spatial knowledge from a real city to its virtual representation. Accordingly, the information for this system was obtained from an empirical study on Tel Aviv residents’ urban image by using their city sketch maps. The WSS uses the topological structure between the urban elements in these sketch maps to decide which elements would be highlighted to the virtual city user, according to the observed urban environment and to the user’s real time log navigation parameters (scale and perspective).}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Omer, Itzhak and Goldblatt, Ran and Talmor, Karin and Roz, Asaf}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_16}, pages = {245--258} }

@incollection{allen_complexity:_2008, title = {Complexity: the {Integrating} {Framework} for {Models} of {Urban} and {Regional} {Systems}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {Complexity}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_2}, abstract = {Traditionally, science has attempted to understand urban systems using a reductionist approach in which the behaviour of a system (city or region) is represented as being an equilibrium, mechanical interaction of its components. These components are “representative agents” for the different categories of supply and demand that inhabit the system, and it is assumed that their spatial distribution reflects an optimised value of profit (supply) and utility (demand). Over recent decades many attempts have been made to introduce more dynamic approaches, in which equilibrium is not assumed, and there are many models and methods that attempt to do this. However, this still denies the essential complexity of the urban or regional system, in which activities, natural endowments, culture, skills, education, health, transport, house prices, the global economy, all combine to affect the evolution of the system. Just as in ecology, the key to the long-term structures that may emerge is the diversity, innovative and adaptive power of people and society to counter new difficulties and create new opportunities. This fluid, adaptive power is a product of the complex system, and can only be modelled and anticipated to a limited degree. However, cities and regions can limit the possibility of successful adaptation if they are too “wellorganized” or too unimaginative. New models of adaptive organisation allow us to understand better the need for integrated views linking land-use changes to environmental and socio-economic and cultural factors. These provide a new, more open way of considering the importance of adaptable, emergent networks, and the need for multiple and burgeoning accessibility to others.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Allen, Peter M. and Strathern, Mark and Baldwin, James}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_2}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {21--41} }

@incollection{portugali_introduction_2006, title = {Introduction}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_1}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Portugali, Juval}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_1}, pages = {1--6} }

Part

@article{mostafavi_integrated_2014, title = {Integrated {Urban} {Metabolism} {Analysis} {Tool}}, volume = {32}, issn = {0811-1146}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2013.826578}, doi = {10.1080/08111146.2013.826578}, number = {1}, urldate = {2016-12-02}, journal = {Urban Policy and Research}, author = {Mostafavi, Nariman and Farzinmoghadam, Mohamad and Hoque, Simi and Weil, Benjamin}, month = jan, year = {2014}, note = {bibtex: IUMAT}, keywords = {Integrated urban metabolism analysis tool, sustainable urban development, urban metabolism simulation, urban planning}, pages = {53--69} }

@book{maurin_guide_2012, address = {Aix-en-Provence}, title = {Guide pratique du cadastre}, isbn = {978-2-36503-012-0}, language = {French}, publisher = {Édilaix}, author = {Maurin, André}, year = {2012}, note = {OCLC: 816627268 bibtex: GPCAD} }

Part

@incollection{bazzani_model_2008, title = {A {Model} for {Asystematic} {Mobility} in {Urban} {Space}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_4}, abstract = {We present an agent-based model to simulate the citizens mobility in a urban space. The request of mobility is determined by the “chronotopic areas”: i.e. urban areas where time-dependent activities are installed and attract the citizens according to their social categories. The core of the model is a decision mechanism for the agents based on a daily program, which chooses the transportation means and the roads to reach the scheduled chronotopic areas. The decision mechanism depends on some social characters of the agents, on the information at disposal, on the attraction force towards a chronotopos and on some random choices. The daily program can also be upgraded according to the information given to the agents. The finite volume congestion effects are present in the private transportation and in the finite capacity of the public means whereas the crowding in the chronotopic areas causes the extension of the elapsed time in the areas. We present a simulation on the campus of Milano Bicocca University where we take advantage of some experimental observations on the students mobility.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Bazzani, Armando and Capriotti, Massimiliano and Giorgini, Bruno and Melchiorre, Giuseppina and Rambaldi, Sandro and Servizi, Graziano and Turchetti, Giorgio}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_4}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {59--73} }

@incollection{brail_planning_2006, title = {Planning {Support} {Systems} {Evolving}: {When} the {Rubber} {Hits} the {Road}}, shorttitle = {Planning {Support} {Systems} {Evolving}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_19}, abstract = {Planning support systems (PSS) have moved from concept to application. One of the core assumptions of PSS is that these computer-based systems can be applied in actual planning situations and found useful as decision support tools. Based on previous experiences with applied computing efforts, we need to think carefully about how best to support successful implementations of PSS. Lessons can be learned from both experiences with large-scale urban models and with the four-step urban transportation planning process. We examine the potential of PSS across four dimensions — data availability, acceptance and support, ease of use, and appropriate and useful output.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Brail, Richard K.}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_19}, pages = {307--317} }

Part

@misc{eurostat_economy_2009, title = {Economy {Wide} {Material} {Flow} {Accounts}: {Compilation} {Guidelines} for reporting to the 2009 {Eurostat} questionnaire}, url = {https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/ceea/archive/Framework/Eurostat%20MFA%20compilation%20guide_2009.pdf}, urldate = {2017-04-04}, author = Modèle:Eurostat, year = {2009}, note = {bibtex: EWMFA09} }

@article{hall_preliminary_2011, series = {Can {We} {Break} the {Addiction} to {Fossil} {Energy}? {Special} {Issue}, 7th {Biennial} {International} {Workshop} “{Advances} in {Energy} {Studies}”, {Barcelona}, {Spain}, 19-21 {October} 2010}, title = {A preliminary assessment of socio-ecological metabolism for three neighborhoods within a rust belt urban ecosystem}, volume = {223}, issn = {0304-3800}, url = {//www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304380011004364}, doi = {10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.08.018}, abstract = {Rust belt cities of the northeastern United States are plagued by flat or declining economies and the accompanying social fallout from lack of employment. Advocates of green fuels, green infrastructure and green jobs have proposed these nature-based technologies as means to revitalize the economies of cities. Before making public and private investment a baseline analysis of the relative magnitude of existing energy production and energy respiration at the neighborhood scale is useful in order to understand what the potential for green infrastructure might be. Because the urban canopy and other green infrastructure can enhance urban socio-ecological metabolism, we measured the flows of natural energy produced (P) by the urban forest versus the industrial or fossil energy currently consumed or respired (R) in three economically and demographically distinct neighborhoods of a typical rust-belt city, Syracuse, NY. Our objectives were to (1) understand the potential for green energy to replace fossil fuels in general, (2) assess the degree to which different socio-demographic communities are receiving the ecosystem benefits of existing urban “green” infrastructure (i.e. forest primary production), and (3) identify where local (in-city) biotic energy resources could be enhanced or fossil fuel consumption altered to improve overall urban socio-ecological metabolism. We found that (1) the fossil energy consumed in all three neighborhoods was 200–700 times higher than the biotic “green” energy produced; (2) that to produce this much energy from willow biomass grown in the region would require at least between 0.3 and 0.7 ha of bio-energy production per person depending on affluence, density of living, transportation mix and home fuel mix; (3) that although the more affluent neighborhood used, per residence and per person, almost twice as much energy as that of the downtown more densely settled and poorer neighborhood, its R:P ratio was still the lowest due to the high primary productivity of its neighborhood tree canopy. As a first assessment our findings identify several opportunities for enhancement of the socio-ecological metabolism of these neighborhoods, and the city at large, through conversion of heating units in poorer neighborhoods away from expensive electricity, and toward tree planting, solar installations, and per capita energy use reductions.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-01-23}, journal = {Ecological Modelling}, author = {Hall, Myrna H. P.}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Green infrastructure, Rust-belt cities, Socio-ecological metabolism, Urban ecosystems}, pages = {20--31} }

@misc{region_alsace_consommations_2015, title = {Consommations, besoins et richesses du territoire alsacien. {Document} complété par un entretien avec la mission régionale d'économie circulaire (27/10/2016).}, url = {https://alsace.ademe.fr/sites/default/files/files/Domaines-intervention/Economie-circulaire/synthese_etude_de_flux_juillet2015.pdf}, language = {fr}, author = {{\{Région Alsace\}} and {Ademe}}, year = {2015}, note = {bibtex: CBRTA} }

@incollection{sanders_cognition_2006, title = {Cognition and {Decision} in {Multi}-agent {Modeling} of {Spatial} {Entities} at {Different} {Geographical} {Scales}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_13}, abstract = {The modeling of the dynamics of settlement systems can be developed at different geographical scales according to the theoretical framework which is chosen: the micro-level of the households and entrepreneurs, the meso-level of cities and regions, the macro-level of hierarchical and spatial structures. The underlying hypotheses and the links between these three levels are discussed in the case of a multi-agent system (MAS) approach. The question of which are the driving forces of change in a settlement system is raised. Then different ways for building hybrid models combining dynamics referring to different scales are discussed. I refer to the example of SimPop, a MAS model which simulates the emergence and the evolution of a settlement system on a period of 2000 years, in order to illustrate how a function of urban governance that ensures both cognitive and decisional capacities for the evolution of cities can be introduced in a model whose rules are principally built on meso-level regularities.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Sanders, Lena}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_13}, pages = {201--218} }

@article{barles_metabolisme_2005, title = {Le métabolisme urbain : l'azote, {XIXe}-{XXe} siècle in : {Programme} {Piren}-{Seine}, rapport d'activité 2004}, shorttitle = {Le métabolisme urbain}, url = {https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00128974}, abstract = {La phase III du PIREN-Seine a permis de lancer un certain nombre de travaux exploratoires et partiels concernant le cycle urbain de l'azote. L'impact des techniques de stockage, de collecte et de valorisation et ou de traitement des excreta humains et des eaux urbaines a ainsi pu être évalué pour les deux derniers siècles, bien que la quantification ne soit pas encore totalement aboutie. Pour la phase IV, il s'agit d'aller plus loin dans l'analyse du métabolisme urbain, et, plus particulièrement du cycle parisien de l'azote et de l'effet trophique de la capitale. En 2004 a été privilégié l'analyse de l'azote alimentaire. Il s'est agi d'une part de poursuivre les recherches engagées pour le XIX siècle, d'autre part de faire l'inventaire des sources disponibles pour le XXe siècle, en particulier pour les cinquante à soixante dernières années. Est présenté ans ce rapport l'ensemble des sources identifiées à ce jour, leur intérêt et leurs limites, puis, sur la base de quelques données collectées, l'exploitation de ces sources sera testée}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2017-04-04}, author = {Barles, Sabine}, year = {2005} }

@incollection{batty_fifty_2008, title = {Fifty {Years} of {Urban} {Modeling}: {Macro}-{Statics} to {Micro}-{Dynamics}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {Fifty {Years} of {Urban} {Modeling}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_1}, abstract = {This chapter presents both a chronological and conceptual history of urban land use-transportation models movement in the context of current developments. Such models —‘urban models’ for short — first appeared in the 1950s in North America and were made possible by two interrelated forces: the development of digital computing from which large-scale simulation emanated, and policy imperatives for testing the effects of large-scale public investments on cities. Essentially, urban models are still pragmatically motivated tools for testing the impact of changes in the locations of land use and transportation on dense and usually large urban agglomerations. Planning and policy determine their rationale although their foundations are built on theoretical ideas which go back to the roots of modern social science and the influence of physics and mathematics from the time of the Enlightenment. During the brief but turbulent years since this field has developed, there have been substantial shifts in viewpoint. Indeed even the paradigms that condition what attributes of the city are to be modeled, and the way such modeling takes place, have changed. We will chart these changes, beginning with a set of intersecting time lines focusing on theoretical origins and practical applications. We will show how urban models were first conceived in aggregative, static terms when the concern was for simulating the way cities appeared at a cross-section in time. This aggregative, static conception of urban structure has slowly given way to one where much more detailed disaggregate activities appear more important and where dynamics rather than statics is the focus. This reflects as much our abilities to simulate more elaborate computational structures and collect better data as any grand theoretical revision of the way we look at the city, although such a revision is now under way As such, this chapter sets a context for many of the current advances in urban modeling reported elsewhere in this book.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Batty, Michael}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_1}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {1--20} }

@incollection{blecic_two_2008, title = {Two {Complexities} and a {Few} {Models}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_7}, abstract = {The difficulty in dealing with urban systems’ complexity and the related difficulty to analyse and forecast is twofold: one kind of difficulty lies in the complexity of the system itself, and the other is due to the actions of actors, which are “acts of freedom”. In our contribution we would like to present a set of techniques and models, with respective software packages (MaGIA, The Time Machine, CAGE and GioCoMo), that have proven to be of great potential for enactment and management of communication, participatory, consensus-building and simulation processes. As such, our approach tries to cope with both aspects of complexity mentioned above.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Blecic, Ivan and Cecchini, Arnaldo and Trunfio, Giuseppe A.}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_7}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {111--141} }

Part

@incollection{engelen_validating_2008, title = {Validating and {Calibrating} {Integrated} {Cellular} {Automata} {Based} {Models} of {Land} {Use} {Change}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_10}, abstract = {Realistic high-resolution cellular automata based models of urban and regional systems raise significant problems of calibration and validation. In this chapter we examine first the major philosophical and methodological issues involved in the validation of models that produce as output patterns that are complex but non-deterministic due to stochasticity and bifurcations. Some related problems of map comparison that are significant for both validation and calibration are also examined. Calibration problems are then treated in more detail by means of a case study involving an application of the Environment Explorer model of The Netherlands as well as two semiautomatic calibration techniques that were developed in this context. The calibration tools are shown to be useful if imperfect, and even in some cases to outperform manual calibration.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Engelen, Guy and White, Roger}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_10}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {185--211} }

@incollection{birkin_hybrid_2008, title = {Hybrid {Geographical} {Models} of {Urban} {Spatial} {Structure} and {Behaviour}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_6}, abstract = {The chapter explores the introduction of simple behavioural mechanisms into a spatial microsimulation model. It is hypothesised that the representation of individual behaviour using appropriate rules can allow the outcome from meso-level models, such as spatial interaction models, to be reproduced. The dynamic properties of these models are also explored. Therefore the research seeks to establish links between microsimulation, agent-based approaches and spatial interaction models, at a variety of scales. The simulations are operationalised in the context of a British city.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Birkin, Mark}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_6}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {95--109} }

@article{barles_society_2010, title = {Society, energy and materials: the contribution of urban metabolism studies to sustainable urban development issues}, volume = {53}, issn = {0964-0568}, shorttitle = {Society, energy and materials}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/full/10.1080/09640561003703772}, doi = {10.1080/09640561003703772}, abstract = {Urban areas, in particular cities, are significant consumers of materials and energy, either directly on their land areas or indirectly through the materials, goods and services they import or export; there are upstream and downstream consequences of the removal of resources and the discharge of waste materials (to the atmosphere, water and soils), with multiple impacts on the biosphere. The processes involved need to be better characterised to reduce these environmental pressures. This is a sustainable development issue and it is a major goal of a field ecology which has been described as urban, industrial or sometimes territorial. This paper reviews the specific origins and findings of studies on urban metabolism. It describes the analysis tools used, including material and substance flows, energy balances, ecological, water and, more generally, environmental footprints. Finally, recent findings and areas for future research in the dematerialisation of urban societies are summarised.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-01-23}, journal = {Journal of Environmental Planning and Management}, author = {Barles, Sabine}, year = {2010}, pages = {439--455} }

@incollection{benenson_geographic_2006, title = {Geographic {Automata} {Systems} and the {OBEUS} {Software} for {Their} {Implementation}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_9}, abstract = {The concept of Geographic Automata System (GAS) formalizes an object-based view of city structure and functioning; OBEUS software implements this view on the operational level. The paper presents the GAS paradigm and latest user-friendly version of OBEUS, the latter based on .NET technology and developed according to OODBMS logic. OBEUS boosts further development of GAS theory, especially regarding the treatment of time in models describing collectives of multiple interacting autonomous urban objects. We claim that all high-resolution urban Cellular Automata and Multi-Agent models of which we are aware can be described in GAS terms and represented as OBEUS applications. GAS and OBEUS can thus serve as a universal, transferable framework for object-based urban simulation.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Benenson, Itzhak and Birfur, Slava and Kharbash, Vlad}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_9}, pages = {137--153} }

@incollection{bodum_design_2006, title = {Design {Issues} to be {Considered} for {Development} of an {Object}-{Oriented} {System} for 3D {Geovisualization}: {The} {Aalborg} {Experience}}, shorttitle = {Design {Issues} to be {Considered} for {Development} of an {Object}-{Oriented} {System} for 3D {Geovisualization}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_6}, abstract = {The Center for 3D GeoInformation at Aalborg University (DK) became a reality in 2001. Among the many activities in the center, there is one that goes through all the others as an important red line. That is the development of a general object-oriented system for real-time 3D visualization of geographically based Virtual Environments, called GRIFINOR. This paper will reveal some of the considerations and aspects that have been discussed in the preliminary design of GRIFINOR. The system involves use of several different methods for semi-automatic generation of 3D objects from LIDAR data, Orthophotos, building footprints and data from various public registers. At the moment the system is only prepared for generation of static physical elements such as buildings, but later the system will be able to visualize traditional geoinformation such as socio-economic attribute values on “top” of the Virtual Environment. The buildings are generated as objects based on representation in the 2D technical/topographical map, the LIDAR data and information about each building from the national building and dwelling registry (BBR). After each entity is generated as an object it is saved in a custom built object database. This database is the heart of the system and several specific issues regarding the development of it will be discussed. At the front end, a 3D viewer based on a Java-driven scene graph is the core of the graphical user interface. The considerations behind a representational model for the objects will also be presented and finally some discussions about potential viewing platforms.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Bodum, Lars}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_6}, pages = {85--94} }

@incollection{jiang_small_2006, title = {Small {World} {Modeling} for {Complex} {Geographic} {Environments}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_17}, abstract = {This paper aims to provide some insights into geographic environments based on our studies using various small world models. We model a geographic environment as a network of interacting objects — not only spaces, places and locations, but also vehicles and pedestrians acting on it. We demonstrate how geographic environments might be represented as a form of networks and be illustrated as small worlds. Furthermore we try to shed light on the implications of small world properties from various application perspectives.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Jiang, Bin}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_17}, pages = {259--271} }

@incollection{hirtle_navigation_2006, title = {Navigation in {Electronic} {Environments}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_15}, abstract = {The ability to locate information in a complex information space requires specialized tools to support searching and browsing behavior. Inherent in browsing is the ability to navigate through informational items, while retaining a sense of orientation. A tripartite theory of navigation is presented based on cognitive studies of navigation in physical spaces, which divides navigation into three levels: planning, procedural and motor. The last two levels become critical for virtual reality, while the first two levels are critical for the traversal of more abstract information spaces. The analysis leads to various insights for information designers, which are demonstrated in two different environments. First, for hypertext navigation, it is argued that the inclusion of structural components, such as neighborhoods and landmarks, can improve the navigability of electronic spaces for browsing and non-directed search. Second, for spatial information kiosks, the use of text, images and maps, are shown to improve the accessibility of the information. Together, these two examples highlight the benefits of grounding information design in theories of wayfinding and spatial information processing.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Hirtle, Stephen C.}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_15}, pages = {235--244} }

@techreport{glaeser_economic_2008, address = {Rochester, NY}, type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}}, title = {The {Economic} {Approach} to {Cities}}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1080294}, abstract = {The economic approach to cities relies on a spatial equilibrium for workers, employers and builders. The worker's equilibrium implies that positive attributes in one location, like access to downtown or high wages, are offset by negative attributes, like high housing prices. The employer's equilibrium requires that high wages be offset by a high level of productivity, perhaps due to easy access to customers or suppliers. The search for the sources of productivity differences that can justify high wages is the basis for the study of agglomeration economies which has been a significant branch of urban economics in the past 20 years. The builder's equilibrium condition pushes us to understand the causes of supply differences across space that can explain why some places have abundant construction and low prices while others have little construction and high prices. Since the economic theory of cities emphasizes a search for exogenous causes of endogenous outcomes like local wages, housing prices and city growth, it is unsurprising that the economic empirics on cities have increasingly focused on the quest for exogenous sources of variation. The economic approach to urban policy emphasizes the need to focus on people, rather than places, as the ultimate objects of policy concern and the need for policy to anticipate the mobility of people and firms.}, number = {ID 1080294}, urldate = {2017-02-16}, institution = {Social Science Research Network}, author = {Glaeser, Edward L.}, month = jan, year = {2008}, note = {bibtex: ECOAC}, keywords = {Edward L. Glaeser, SSRN, The Economic Approach to Cities} }

Part

@incollection{kwartler_planning_2006, title = {Planning and {Designing} with {People}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_18}, abstract = {This paper details the use of visual simulations by the Environmental Simulation Center, Ltd. (ESC) and its collaborators to involve citizens in the neighborhood/city/regional visioning and planning process. It does so by examining three visioning projects undertaken in the last three years. The case studies demonstrate how to obtain citizen input regarding their values and group identity through their participation in designing the place in which they would like to live. Fully integrating 3D/Geographic Information System-based simulations and visualizations into the visioning process makes it possible for citizens to better understand their choices at both a policy and experiential level and arrive at consensus for the future of their communities.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Kwartler, Michael}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_18}, pages = {275--306} }

@incollection{lombardo_simulation_2008, title = {The {Simulation} of {Spatial} {Change}: {What} {Relation} {Between} {Knowledge} and {Modeling}? {A} {Proposal} and {Its} {Application}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, shorttitle = {The {Simulation} of {Spatial} {Change}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_16}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Lombardo, Silvana and Petri, Massimiliano}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_16}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {335--356} }

@incollection{portugali_scope_2006, title = {The {Scope} of {Complex} {Artificial} {Environments}}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/3-540-29710-3_2}, abstract = {This paper discusses the social significance, theoretical rationale and methodological and technological characteristics of complex artificial environments of the 21st century. It starts by identifying a social change, the essence of which is that cities and urbanism are growing in significance, to the extent that one can speak of a second urban revolution. The paper goes on to explore urban theory and the view that cities are complex, self-organizing, artificial environments, and that the theorization of their dynamics should start from the first principles of humans’ cognitive capabilities. Finally, the paper considers the methodologies of agent base, cellular automata and advanced virtual reality simulators as tools for studying cities as self-organizing complex environments.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-11-28}, booktitle = {Complex {Artificial} {Environments}}, publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg}, author = {Portugali, Juval}, year = {2006}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/3-540-29710-3\_2}, pages = {9--29} }

@incollection{helbing_self-organization_2008, title = {Self-{Organization} and {Optimization} of {Pedestrian} and {Vehicle} {Traffic} in {Urban} {Environments}}, copyright = {©2008 Physica-Verlag Heidelberg and Accademia di Architettura, Mendrisio, Switzerland}, isbn = {978-3-7908-1936-6 978-3-7908-1937-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/chapter/10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3_14}, abstract = {Self-organization is not only a feature of urban evolution, but also found within urban environments. Here, we will focus on three aspects: (i) spatiotemporal patterns in pedestrian flows and their implications for optimized pedestrian facilities, (ii) trail formation of pedestrians and their consequences for improved way systems, and (iii) a self-organization approach to an adaptive control of traffic lights. This chapter will discuss the problems, modelling concepts, results, and solutions, while the mathematical formulation and analysis of the models is presented elsewhere.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2016-12-05}, booktitle = {The {Dynamics} of {Complex} {Urban} {Systems}}, publisher = {Physica-Verlag HD}, author = {Helbing, Dirk and Johansson, Anders and Lämmer, Stefan}, editor = {Albeverio, Professor Dr Dr h c Sergio and Andrey, Denise and Giordano, Paolo and Vancheri, Dr Alberto}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7908-1937-3\_14}, keywords = {Geography, general, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, Mathematical Modeling and Industrial Mathematics, Regional/Spatial Science, Statistical Physics, Dynamical Systems and Complexity, Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics}, pages = {287--309} }

@misc{clara_villar_resilience_2014, title = {La résilience, un outil pour les territoires ?}, url = {http://www.territoires-ville.cerema.fr/la-resilience-un-outil-pour-les-territoires-a1319.html}, abstract = {Article publié lors du séminaire IT-GO Rosko 2014 (Roscoff, 22-23 mai 2014).Auteurs : Clara Villar (Cerema) et Michel David (MEDDE / CGDD)}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2017-04-12}, author = {{Clara Villar} and {Michel David}}, month = aug, year = {2014}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\BHWBW4GC\\la-resilience-un-outil-pour-les-territoires-a1319.html:text/html} }

@article{lemoine_alain_2009, title = {Alain {Desrosières}, {L}'{Argument} statistique. {Pour} une sociologie historique de la quantification (tome {I}) et {Gouverner} par les nombres (tome {II}). {Paris}, {Presses} de l'école des {Mines}, 2008}, volume = {3, n° 2}, url = {http://www.cairn.info/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=RAC_007_0359}, language = {fr}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-04-12}, journal = {Revue d'anthropologie des connaissances}, author = {Lemoine, Benjamin}, month = nov, year = {2009}, pages = {359--365}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\6A2JUXMH\\revue-anthropologie-des-connaissances-2009-2-page-359.html:text/html} }

@book{desrosieres_argument_2008, address = {Paris, France}, title = {L'argument statistique {II} : {Gouverner} par les nombres}, isbn = {978-2-35671-005-5}, language = {français}, publisher = {Mines ParisTech-Les Presses, impr. 2008}, author = {Desrosières, Alain}, year = {2008}, keywords = {Économétrie -- Histoire, Enquêtes sociologiques -- Méthodes statistiques, HB139, Mathématiques économiques -- Histoire, Science politique -- Méthodes statistiques -- Histoire, Sciences sociales -- Méthodes statistiques -- Histoire, Statistiques sociales -- Histoire}, file = {Library Catalog Entry Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\7VKXPC68\\SRCH.html:text/html} }

@inproceedings{roux_analyse_2016, title = {Analyse de cycle de vie conséquentielle appliquée à l’étude d’une maison individuelle}, url = {https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01464418}, abstract = {L’analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est une méthode de plus en plus utilisée dans le secteur du bâtiment, en particulier pour l’aide à la conception Les études d’ACV sont classées en deux grandes familles : l’approche attributionnelle (ACV-A) et l’approche conséquentielle (ACV-C). Les études ACV-A allouent une responsabilité environnementale au cycle de vie du produit étudié (e.g. l’impact d’un bâtiment). L’ACV-C se focalise sur les conséquences environnementales d’une décision (e.g. décision de construire un nouveau bâtiment). Ceci influence la réalisation de l’étude, notamment au niveau des données utilisées et des techniques d’allocations employées (allocation ou extension du système). Cette communication propose une comparaison entre ACV-A et ACV-C sur un cas d’étude simple : une maison individuelle passive située près de Chambéry. Les différences entre les deux approches sont importantes et peuvent affecter le classement des variantes de conception. Les deux approches sont discutées en fonction de leur apport concernant un objectif d’éco-conception.}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2017-05-01}, author = {Roux, C. and Schalbart, P. and Peuportier, B.}, month = may, year = {2016}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\ZIWXHGPF\\hal-01464418.html:text/html} }

@book{ocde_analyse_2007, title = {Analyse coûts-bénéfices et environnement}, isbn = {978-92-64-01006-2 978-92-64-01007-9}, url = {http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/analyse-couts-benefices-et-environnement_9789264010079-fr}, language = {fr}, urldate = {2017-04-24}, publisher = {Éditions OCDE}, author = Modèle:OCDE, month = may, year = {2007}, note = {DOI: 10.1787/9789264010079-fr bibtex: ACBE} }

@incollection{georgescu-roegen_science_2015, address = {Lyon}, series = {Feuillets : économie politique moderne}, title = {De la science économique à la bioéconomie}, isbn = {978-2-84788-608-5}, url = {http://books.openedition.org/enseditions/2302}, urldate = {2017-04-24}, booktitle = {Nicholas {Georgescu}-{Roegen}, pour une révolution bioéconomique : {Suivi} de {De} la science économique à la bioéconomie par {Nicholas} {Georgescu}-{Roegen}}, publisher = {ENS Éditions}, author = {Georgescu-Roegen, Nicholas}, collaborator = {Missemer, Antoine}, month = feb, year = {2015}, note = {bibtex: SEBE}, keywords = {agriculture biologique, bioéconomie, décroissance, écologie humaine, économie politique, théorie économique hétérodoxe}, pages = {87--128} }

@book{buclet_ecologie_2011, address = {Villeneuve d'Ascq, France}, series = {Environnement et société}, title = {Écologie industrielle et territoriale: stratégies locales pour un développement durable}, isbn = {978-2-7574-0331-0}, shorttitle = {Écologie industrielle et territoriale}, publisher = {Presses universitaires du Septentrion}, author = {Buclet, Nicolas}, year = {2011}, keywords = {Economic aspects, Economic development, Environmental aspects, Environmental policy, industrial ecology, Materials management, Regional economics, Sustainable Development} }

@article{lemarchand_lintroduction_2000, title = {L’introduction de la comptabilité analytique en {France}: de l’institutionnalisation d’une pratique de gestion}, volume = {3}, shorttitle = {«{L}’introduction de la comptabilité analytique en {France}}, url = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Yannick_Lemarchand/publication/4793732_L'introduction_de_la_comptabilite_analytique_en_Francede_l'institutionalisation_d'une_pratique_de_gestion/links/54cfe2d00cf29ca811007430.pdf}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-05-04}, journal = {Finance, Contrôle, Stratégie}, author = {Lemarchand, Yannick and Le Roy, Frédéric}, year = {2000}, pages = {83--111}, file = {[PDF] à partir de researchgate.net:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\M98N8AGK\\Lemarchand et Le Roy - 2000 - «L’introduction de la comptabilité analytique en F.pdf:application/pdf} }

@book{gadrey_les_2010, title = {Les nouveaux indicateurs de richesse}, isbn = {978-2-7071-6279-3}, abstract = {" Développement humain ", " santé sociale ", " bien-être économique " d'une collectivité ou développement durable permettent de compléter des indicateurs économiques de plus en plus contestés. Des notions essentielles. La croissance économique, celle du PIB (produit intérieur brut), est aujourd'hui le principal critère de performance des nations, mais c'est aussi un critère de plus en plus contesté. Dans ce livre, les auteurs dressent un bilan de cette contestation, et surtout ils présentent de nouveaux indicateurs synthétiques, fondés sur des visions alternatives de ce qui fait " la richesse des nations ". Ces indicateurs s'intéressent selon les cas au " développement humain ", à la " santé sociale " ou au " bien-être économique " d'une collectivité, mais aussi au développement durable. Ils permettent de compléter les indicateurs économiques en tenant compte de richesses oubliées comme celles que produisent le travail bénévole ou le travail domestique, de richesses environnementales sacrifiées, ou encore de critères de cohésion sociale et de pauvreté. Ils pourraient servir de guides à d'autres politiques économiques et sociales. Ce livre a été écrit pour être très largement accessible à des non-spécialistes, tout en fournissant aux lecteurs des encadrés méthodologiques essentiels.}, language = {fr}, publisher = {LA DECOUVERTE}, author = {Gadrey, Jean and Jany-Catrice, Florence}, month = jul, year = {2010}, note = {Google-Books-ID: sUZdUHsW5yUC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / General} }

@book{glassman_combustion_2008, address = {Amsterdam; Boston}, title = {Combustion}, isbn = {978-0-12-088573-2 978-0-08-056881-2}, url = {http://proxy.cegepat.qc.ca/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&AN=248788}, abstract = {Combustion Engineering, a topic generally taught at the upper undergraduate and graduate level in most mechanical engineering programs, and many chemical engineering programs, is the study of rapid energy and mass transfer usually through the common physical phenomena of flame oxidation. It covers the physics and chemistry of this process and the engineering applications-from the generation of power such as the internal combustion automobile engine to the gas turbine engine. Renewed concerns about energy efficiency and fuel costs, along with continued concerns over toxic and particulate emissions have kept the interest in this vital area of engineering high and brought about new developments in both fundamental knowledge of flame and combustion physics as well as new technologies for flame and fuel control. *New chapter on new combustion concepts and technologies, including discussion on nanotechnology as related to combustion, as well as microgravity combustion, microcombustion, and catalytic combustion-all interrelated and discussed by considering scaling issues (e.g., length and time scales). *New information on sensitivity analysis of reaction mechanisms and generation and application of reduced mechanisms *Expanded coverage of turbulent reactive flows to better illustrate real-world applications *Important new sections on stabilization of diffusion flames. For the first time, the concept of triple flames will be introduced and discussed in the context of diffusion flame stabilization.}, language = {English}, urldate = {2017-05-12}, publisher = {Academic Press}, author = {Glassman, Irvin and Yetter, Richard A}, year = {2008}, note = {OCLC: 986913580} }

@misc{anc_reglement_2017, title = {Règlement {Autorité} des {Normes} {Comptables} n°2014-03 relatif au {Plan} {Comptable} {Général}}, url = {http://www.anc.gouv.fr/files/live/sites/anc/files/contributed/ANC/1.%20Normes%20fran%c3%a7aises/Recueils/PCG_Janvier2017/pcg_janvier%202017.pdf}, author = Modèle:ANC, month = jan, year = {2017}, note = {bibtex: ANCPCG} }

@article{delord_pour_2010, title = {Pour une éthique de la dette écologique}, copyright = {Les contenus de VertigO sont mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International.}, issn = {1492-8442}, url = {https://vertigo.revues.org/9509}, doi = {10.4000/vertigo.9509}, abstract = {Nous proposons une assise éthique au concept émergent à l’échelle internationale de « dette écologique ». Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les nouvelles générations de philosophes de l’environnement devront conjuguer la catastrophe, non pas au futur antérieur, comme le font Hans Jonas ou Jean-Pierre Dupuy, mais au conditionnel passé. Il ne s’agit plus de travailler avec la « mémoire du futur », mais de retravailler les potentialités futures du passé, de réexplorer la mémoire écologique des catastrophes en cours et passées pour refonder les normes du vivre futur. Or, la notion de dette écologique nous invite précisément à repenser l’éthique environnementale à partir des fautes du passé. L’impératif d’une responsabilité environnementale des générations présentes envers les générations futures se double de la reconnaissance inéluctable d’une dette écologique immense due aux générations présentes par les générations passées. Nous est-il dès lors possible de l’annuler, ou pour le dire plus directement, de pardonner ? Mais pardonner la catastrophe, n’est-ce pas par là même abdiquer toute responsabilité future, briser l’échange intergénérationnel et renoncer à tout espoir d’une éthique environnementale globale ? Après un rappel historique de la genèse de ce concept que l’on peut définir empiriquement comme l’ensemble des atteintes aux milieux naturels exercées par des humains dans le passé, nous explicitons un modèle de responsabilité passée contrefactuelle que nous discutons de manière théorique ainsi que de manière appliquée autour de deux exemples de dette écologique, une dette territorialisée et privée concernant des pollutions industrielles et une dette globalisée et publique impliquant l’émission de gaz à effet de serre.}, language = {fr}, number = {Volume 10 Numéro 1}, urldate = {2017-05-12}, journal = {VertigO - la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement}, author = {Delord, Julien and Sébastien, Léa}, month = mar, year = {2010}, keywords = {catastrophisme, changement climatique, dette écologique, échanges Nord-Sud., économie écologique, éthique environnementale, gestion des ressources naturelle, justice intergénérationnelle, pollutions industrielles} }

@article{gignac_mesurer_2011, title = {Mesurer le progrès social : vers des alternatives au {PIB}}, shorttitle = {Mesurer le progrès social}, url = {http://iris-recherche.qc.ca/publications/mesurer_le_progres_social_vers_des}, urldate = {2017-05-12}, author = {Gignac, Renaud and Hurteau, Philippe}, month = aug, year = {2011} }

@book{bontems_leconomie_2013, address = {Paris}, title = {L'économie de l'environnement}, isbn = {978-2-7071-7751-3}, language = {French}, publisher = {La Découverte}, author = {Bontems, Philippe and Rotillon, Gilles}, year = {2013}, note = {OCLC: 862897129 bibtex: ECOENVI} }

Part

@incollection{giljum_conceptual_2009, series = {Eco-{Efficiency} in {Industry} and {Science}}, title = {Conceptual {Foundations} and {Applications} of {Physical} {Input}-{Output} {Tables}}, copyright = {©2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.}, isbn = {978-1-4020-4083-2 978-1-4020-5737-3}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4020-5737-3_4},

language = {en}, number = {23}, urldate = {2017-05-14}, booktitle = {Handbook of {Input}-{Output} {Economics} in {Industrial} {Ecology}}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, author = {Giljum, Stefan and Hubacek, Klaus}, editor = {Suh, Sangwon}, year = {2009}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-5737-3\_4}, keywords = {Economic Theory/Quantitative Economics/Mathematical Methods, Environmental Economics, Industrial Pollution Prevention, Math. Appl. in Environmental Science, Operations Management, Waste Management/Waste Technology}, pages = {61--75}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\GAA8VFNT\\10.html:text/html} }

@article{canas_new_2003, title = {A new environmental {Kuznets} curve? {Relationship} between direct material input and income per capita: evidence from industrialised countries}, volume = {46}, issn = {0921-8009}, shorttitle = {A new environmental {Kuznets} curve?}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S092180090300123X}, doi = {10.1016/S0921-8009(03)00123-X}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-05-14}, journal = {Ecological Economics}, author = {Canas, Ângela and Ferrão, Paulo and Conceição, Pedro}, month = sep, year = {2003}, keywords = {Dematerialization, DMI, Environmental Kuznets curve, Resource use of industrialised economies}, pages = {217--229}, file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\CISBJU48\\S092180090300123X.html:text/html} }

@book{european_commission_scn_2013, address = {Luxembourg}, title = {{SCN} essentiel: établir les bases.}, isbn = {978-92-79-28228-7}, shorttitle = {{SCN} essentiel}, url = {http://dx.publications.europa.eu/10.2785/39879}, abstract = {Dans le cadre de la coopération statistique, Eurostat conduit une série de projets dont l'objectif est la réussite de la mise en œuvre du Système de Comptabilité Nationale 2008 (SNA) dans les Pays les Moins Avancés, les micro-États et les autres pays n'ayant pas encore mis en œuvre le SCN. Le manuel "Essential SNA Building the Basics" vise à soutenir la bonne réussite de la mise en œuvre du SCN, à donner de bons outils pour analyser des données de base lors de la première préparation des statistiques de comptabilité nationale ou pour améliorer la situation existante. La version 2013 inclut des descriptions tenant compte des standards développés par l'ISWGNA pour suivre la mise en œuvre du SNC 2008. Un nouveau chapitre concernant l'élaboration d'un tableau entrées/sorties a été ajouté.}, language = {French}, urldate = {2017-05-15}, publisher = {Publications Office}, author = {{European Commission} and {Eurostat}}, year = {2013}, note = {OCLC: 870636757 bibtex: SCNBASE} }

@book{eurostat_systeme_1996, address = {Luxembourg}, title = {Système européen des comptes: {SEC} 1995}, isbn = {978-92-827-7955-2}, shorttitle = {Système européen des comptes 1995}, language = {eng}, publisher = {Office des Publ. Officielles des Communautés Européennes}, editor = Modèle:Eurostat, year = {1996}, note = {OCLC: 258621312 bibtex: SEC95} }

@book{osce_systeme_1970, title = {Système européen de comptes économiques intégrés}, publisher = {Office Statistique des Communautés Européennes}, author = Modèle:OSCE, year = {1970}, note = {bibtex: SEC70} }

Part

@incollection{burgess_growth_2008, title = {The {Growth} of the {City}: {An} {Introduction} to a {Research} {Project}}, copyright = {©2008 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC}, isbn = {978-0-387-73411-8 978-0-387-73412-5}, shorttitle = {The {Growth} of the {City}}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-73412-5_5}, abstract = {The aggregation of urban population has been described by Bücher and Weber. A sociological study of the growth of the city, however, is concerned with the definition and description of processes, as those of (a) expansion, (b) metabolism, and (c) mobility. The typical tendency of urban growth is the expansion radially from its central business district by a series of concentric circles, as (a) the central business district, (b) a zone of deterioration, (c) a zone of workingmen’s homes, (d) a residential area, and (e) a commuters’ zone. Urban growth may be even more fundamentally stated as the resultant of processes of organization and disorganization, like the anabolic and katabolic processes of metabolism in the human body. The distribution of population into the natural areas of the city, the division of labor, the differentiation into social and cultural groupings, represent the normal manifestations of urban metabolism, as statistics of disease, crime, disorder, vice, insanity, and suicide are rough indexes of its abnormal expression. The state of metabolism of the city may, it is suggested, be measured by mobility, defined as a change of movement in response to a new stimulus or situation. Areas in the city of the greatest mobility are found to be also regions of juvenile delinquency, boys’ gangs, crime, poverty, wife desertion, divorce, abandoned infants, etc. Suggested indexes of mobility are statistics of changes of movement and increase of contacts of city population, as in the increase per capita in the total annual rides on surface and elevated lines, number of automobiles, letters received, telephones, and land values. A cross-section of the city has been selected for the intensive study of urban growth in terms of expansion, metabolism, and mobility.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-05-16}, booktitle = {Urban {Ecology}}, publisher = {Springer US}, author = {Burgess, Ernest W.}, editor = {Marzluff, John M. and Shulenberger, Eric and Endlicher, Wilfried and Alberti, Marina and Bradley, Gordon and Ryan, Clare and Simon, Ute and ZumBrunnen, Craig}, year = {2008}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73412-5\_5}, keywords = {Biodiversity, city metabolism, ECOLOGY, expansion, Landscape Ecology, Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning, mobility, Nature Conservation, social organization, succession, urban ecology, Urban growth}, pages = {71--78}, file = {Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\M6W6EQWG\\978-0-387-73412-5_5.html:text/html} }

@article{deng_growth_2008, title = {Growth, population and industrialization, and urban land expansion of {China}}, volume = {63}, issn = {0094-1190}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0094119007000022}, doi = {10.1016/j.jue.2006.12.006}, abstract = {China is experiencing urbanization at an unprecedented rate over the last two decades. The overall goal of this paper is to understand the extent of and the factors driving urban expansion in China from the late 1980s to 2000. We use a unique three-period panel data set of high-resolution satellite imagery data and socioeconomic data for entire area of coterminous China. Consistent with a number of the key hypotheses generated by the monocentric model, our results demonstrate the powerful role that the growth of income has played in China's urban expansion. In some empirical models, the other key variables in the monocentric model—population, the value of agricultural land and transportation costs—also matter. Adapting the basic empirical model to account for the environment in developing countries, we also find that industrialization and the rise of the service sector appear to have affected the growth of the urban core, but their role was relatively small when compared to the direct effects of economic growth. We also make a methodological contribution, demonstrating the potential importance of accounting for unobserved fixed effects.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-05-16}, journal = {Journal of Urban Economics}, author = {Deng, Xiangzheng and Huang, Jikun and Rozelle, Scott and Uchida, Emi}, month = jan, year = {2008}, keywords = {China, Decomposition analyses, Econometric analyses, Industrialization, Monocentric urban model, Remote sensing, Spatial scale, Urbanization}, pages = {96--115}, file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\MWTAQ6UZ\\S0094119007000022.html:text/html} }

Part

@book{desrosieres_largument_2008, title = {L’{Argument} statistique {I} : {Pour} une sociologie historique de la quantification}, isbn = {978-2-35671-002-4}, shorttitle = {Pour une sociologie historique de la quantification},

language = {fr}, publisher = {Presses des MINES}, author = {Desrosières, Alain}, year = {2008}, keywords = {Science / History} }

@article{fischer-kowalski_methodology_2011, title = {Methodology and {Indicators} of {Economy}-wide {Material} {Flow} {Accounting}}, volume = {15}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00366.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00366.x},

language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-06-03}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Fischer-Kowalski, M. and Krausmann, F. and Giljum, S. and Lutter, S. and Mayer, A. and Bringezu, S. and Moriguchi, Y. and Schütz, H. and Schandl, H. and Weisz, H.}, month = dec, year = {2011}, keywords = {economy-wide material flow analysis (EW-MFA), industrial ecology, material flow accounting (MFA), metabolism, raw material extraction, sustainable resource use}, pages = {855--876}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\VGT8GR9W\\Fischer-Kowalski et al. - 2011 - Methodology and Indicators of Economy-wide Materia.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\PDVXSIR4\\abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{hodge_determination_1943, title = {Determination of substance acute toxicity by {LD}50}, volume = {10}, journal = {Am Ind Hyg Assoc}, author = {Hodge, H. C. and Sterner, J. H.}, year = {1943}, pages = {93} }

@article{ahern_exergy_1980, title = {Exergy method of energy systems analysis}, url = {https://www.osti.gov/scitech/biblio/6148569}, language = {English}, urldate = {2017-06-06}, author = {Ahern, J. E.}, month = jan, year = {1980} }

@article{bringezu_rationale_2003, title = {Rationale for and {Interpretation} of {Economy}-{Wide} {Materials} {Flow} {Analysis} and {Derived} {Indicators}}, volume = {7}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1162/108819803322564343/abstract}, doi = {10.1162/108819803322564343}, abstract = {Economy-wide material flow analysis (MFA) and derived indicators have been developed to monitor and assess the metabolic performance of economies, that is, with respect to the internal economic flows and the exchange of materials with the environment and with other economies. Indicators such as direct material input (DMI) and direct material consumption (DMC) measure material use related to either production or consumption. Domestic hidden flows (HF) account for unused domestic extraction, and foreign HF represent the upstream primary resource requirements of the imports. DMI and domestic and foreign HF account for the total material requirement (TMR) of an economy. Subtracting the exports and their HF provides the total material consumption (TMC). DMI and TMR are used to measure the (de-) coupling of resource use and economic growth, providing the basis for resource efficiency indicators. Accounting for TMR allows detection of shifts from domestic to foreign resource requirements. Net addition to stock (NAS) measures the physical growth of an economy. It indicates the distance from flow equilibrium of inputs and outputs that may be regarded as a necessary condition of a sustainable mature metabolism. We discuss the extent to which MFA-based indicators can also be used to assess the environmental performance. For that purpose we consider different impacts of material flows, and different scales and perspectives of the analysis, and distinguish between turnover-based indicators of generic environmental pressure and impact-based indicators of specific environmental pressure. Indicators such as TMR and TMC are regarded as generic pressure indicators that may not be used to indicate specific environmental impacts. The TMR of industrial countries is discussed with respect to the question of whether volume and composition may be regarded as unsustainable.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-06-07}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Bringezu, Stefan and Schütz, Helmut and Moll, Stephan}, month = apr, year = {2003}, keywords = {direct material input (DMI), environmental indicators, material flow analysis (MFA), physical economy, sustainability, total material requirement (TMR)}, pages = {43--64} }

@book{ademe_bilan_2010, title = {Bilan {Carbone}® {Entreprises} - {Collectivités} - {Territoires} : {Guide} méthodologique (version 6.1) objectifs et principes de comptabilisation}, author = Modèle:Ademe, month = jun, year = {2010}, note = {bibtex: BCGM} }

@misc{insee_guide_2010, title = {Guide du secret statistique}, url = {https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/1300624/guide-secret.pdf}, language = {fr}, author = Modèle:Insee, month = oct, year = {2010} }

@article{turner_combined_2016, title = {Combined material flow analysis and life cycle assessment as a support tool for solid waste management decision making}, volume = {129}, issn = {0959-6526}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959652616303456}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.077}, abstract = {Material flow analysis (MFA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) have both widely been applied to support solid waste management (SWM) decision making. However, they are often applied independently rather than conjointly. This paper presents an approach that combines the MFA and LCA methodologies to evaluate large and complex SWM systems from an environmental perspective. The approach was applied to evaluate the environmental performance, focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, of a local authority SWM system and to compare it with alternative systems to assess the potential effectiveness of different waste policy measures. The MFA results suggest that national recycling targets are unlikely to be met even if the assessed policies are implemented optimally. It is likely that for the targets to be met, investigated policies would need to be combined with additional policies that target reductions in waste arisings. The LCA results found landfilling of residual waste to be the dominant source of GHG burdens for the existing system, whilst material reprocessing was found to result in GHG benefits. Overall, each of the alternative systems investigated were found to result in lower GHG impacts compared to the existing system, with the diversion of food waste from the residual waste stream found to be potentially the most effective strategy to reduce GHG emissions. The results of this study demonstrate that the complementary methodologies of MFA and LCA can be used in combination to provide policy and decision makers with valuable information about the environmental performance of SWM systems.}, urldate = {2017-06-06}, journal = {Journal of Cleaner Production}, author = {Turner, David A. and Williams, Ian D. and Kemp, Simon}, month = aug, year = {2016}, keywords = {Decision support, Greenhouse gas emissions, Life cycle assessment, material flow analysis, Solid waste management}, pages = {234--248} }

@inproceedings{barles_lecologie_2011, address = {Paris, France}, title = {L'écologie territoriale : du métabolisme des sociétés à la gouvernance des flux d'énergie et de matières}, shorttitle = {L'écologie territoriale}, url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01353196}, urldate = {2017-06-07}, booktitle = {{CIST}2011 - {Fonder} les sciences du territoire}, publisher = {Collège international des sciences du territoire (CIST)}, author = {Barles, Sabine and Buclet, Nicolas and Billen, Gilles}, month = nov, year = {2011}, keywords = {dématérialisation, écologie territoriale, économie de fonctionnalité, empreinte environnementale, métabolisme territorial, ressources}, pages = {16--22} }

Part

@techreport{ademe_operation_2014, title = {Opération foyers témoins pour estimer les impacts du gaspillage alimentaire des ménages}, url = {http://www.ademe.fr/operation-foyers-temoins-estimer-impacts-gaspillage-alimentaire-menages}, abstract = {L'ADEME a mené avec Verdicité une étude sur les différents impacts du gaspillage alimentaire des ménages. Dans ce cadre, les déchets alimentaires de 20 foyer...}, urldate = {2017-06-14}, institution = {Étude réalisée pour le compte de l’ADEME par Verdicité et Biens Communs}, author = Modèle:Ademe, month = oct, year = {2014} }

@article{sawerysyn_les_2012, title = {Les chaufferies collectives au bois : quels points de vigilance ?}, shorttitle = {Les chaufferies collectives au bois}, url = {http://www.appanpc.fr/Pages/article.php?art=715}, number = {N°81}, journal = {Air pur (collection 1998-2012)}, author = {Sawerysyn, Jean-Pierre and Oget, Matthieu and Schadkowski, Corinne and Triquet, Judith}, year = {2012}, pages = {p. 17--21} }

@book{clagett_critical_1969, title = {Critical {Problems} in the {History} of {Science}}, isbn = {978-0-299-01874-0}, language = {en}, publisher = {Univ of Wisconsin Press}, author = {Clagett, Marshall}, year = {1969}, note = {Google-Books-ID: WboPReSZ668C}, keywords = {Science / History} }

@article{xu_big_2015, title = {Big {Data} and {Industrial} {Ecology}}, volume = {19}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12241/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12241}, abstract = {Many have witnessed the increasing popularity of “big data” in the past couple of years. Indeed, big data has been transforming how business is done in many industries. For example, online advertisements are increasingly customized for individual consumers based on their purchase history. Big data has also instigated many new areas of investigation, mostly in fields such as computer sciences and statistics. There are many areas in industrial ecology (IE) that can potentially benefit from big data. In this article, we try to explore what big data could bring to IE.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Xu, Ming and Cai, Hua and Liang, Sai}, month = apr, year = {2015}, keywords = {big data, collaborative data sharing, complexity, industrial ecology, information and communications technology (ICT), input-output analysis (IOA)}, pages = {205--210}, annote = { Informe sur les risques à tenter d'analyser des données hors de leur contexte, pas forcément reflétant la réalité. Néanmoins, IE pourrait devenir une science visant à donner du sens à l'information et guider l'action publique }, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\RKHHGKHJ\\Xu et al. - 2015 - Big Data and Industrial Ecology.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\JH7QJCNF\\abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{sayogo_challenges_2015, title = {Challenges and requirements for developing data architecture supporting integration of sustainable supply chains}, volume = {16}, issn = {1385-951X, 1573-7667}, url = {https://link-springer-com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/article/10.1007/s10799-014-0203-3}, doi = {10.1007/s10799-014-0203-3}, abstract = {Information asymmetry between consumers and supply chain actors represents a major barrier to the expansion of sustainable consumption. Developing an interoperable data architecture that enables the i}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Information Technology and Management}, author = {Sayogo, Djoko Sigit and Zhang, Jing and Luna-Reyes, Luis and Jarman, Holly and Tayi, Giri and Andersen, Deborah Lines and Pardo, Theresa A. and Andersen, David F.}, month = mar, year = {2015}, pages = {5--18}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\IDP7H3EU\\Sayogo et al. - 2015 - Challenges and requirements for developing data ar.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\2MVKAF85\\10.html:text/html} }

@article{kharrazi_examining_2015, title = {Examining the {Ecology} of {Commodity} {Trade} {Networks} {Using} an {Ecological} {Information}-{Based} {Approach}: {Toward} {Strategic} {Assessment} of {Resilience}}, volume = {19}, issn = {1530-9290}, shorttitle = {Examining the {Ecology} of {Commodity} {Trade} {Networks} {Using} an {Ecological} {Information}-{Based} {Approach}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12328/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12328}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Kharrazi, Ali and Kraines, Steven and Rovenskaya, Elena and Avtar, Ram and Iwata, Shuichi and Yarime, Masaru}, month = oct, year = {2015}, keywords = {ecological information-based approach, ecology of commodity trade networks, industrial ecology, Resilience, strategic risk management, sustainability}, pages = {805--813}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\SVWPEGSN\\Kharrazi et al. - 2015 - Examining the Ecology of Commodity Trade Networks .pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\K9Z3WNKZ\\abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{pauliuk_lifting_2015, title = {Lifting {Industrial} {Ecology} {Modeling} to a {New} {Level} of {Quality} and {Transparency}: {A} {Call} for {More} {Transparent} {Publications} and a {Collaborative} {Open} {Source} {Software} {Framework}}, volume = {19}, issn = {1530-9290}, shorttitle = {Lifting {Industrial} {Ecology} {Modeling} to a {New} {Level} of {Quality} and {Transparency}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12316/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12316}, abstract = {Industrial ecology (IE) is a maturing scientific discipline. The field is becoming more data and computation intensive, which requires IE researchers to develop scientific software to tackle novel research questions. We review the current state of software programming and use in our field and find challenges regarding transparency, reproducibility, reusability, and ease of collaboration. Our response to that problem is fourfold: First, we propose how existing general principles for the development of good scientific software could be implemented in IE and related fields. Second, we argue that collaborating on open source software could make IE research more productive and increase its quality, and we present guidelines for the development and distribution of such software. Third, we call for stricter requirements regarding general access to the source code used to produce research results and scientific claims published in the IE literature. Fourth, we describe a set of open source modules for standard IE modeling tasks that represent our first attempt at turning our recommendations into practice. We introduce a Python toolbox for IE that includes the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework Brightway2, the ecospold2matrix module that parses unallocated data in ecospold format, the pySUT and pymrio modules for building and analyzing multiregion input-output models and supply and use tables, and the dynamic\_stock\_model class for dynamic stock modeling. Widespread use of open access software can, at the same time, increase quality, transparency, and reproducibility of IE research.}, language = {en}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Pauliuk, Stefan and Majeau-Bettez, Guillaume and Mutel, Christopher L. and Steubing, Bernhard and Stadler, Konstantin}, month = dec, year = {2015}, keywords = {industrial ecology, input-output analysis (IOA), LCA software, open source software, scientific computing, transparency and reproducibility}, pages = {937--949}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\9MZT5R79\\Pauliuk et al. - 2015 - Lifting Industrial Ecology Modeling to a New Level.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\RBQV5HUQ\\abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{bollinger_multimodel_2015, title = {Multimodel {Ecologies}: {Cultivating} {Model} {Ecosystems} in {Industrial} {Ecology}}, volume = {19}, issn = {1530-9290}, shorttitle = {Multimodel {Ecologies}}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12253/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12253}, abstract = {Many industrial ecology models may be classified as single-use products-constructed to address a specific problem and of little use beyond their original context. But a knowledge ecosystem based around single-use representations of reality wastes effort and resources and limits the impact of industrial ecology as a field. In recent years, tangible progress has been made in areas such as integrated modeling and multisimulation. However, this work tends to discount the evolutionary nature of models and their embeddedness within a changing sociotechnical environment—aspects which, we argue, are central to enabling the sustained usefulness of models in industrial ecology. We define a multimodel ecology as an interacting group of models coevolving with one another in a dynamic sociotechnical environment. A multimodel ecology perspective can facilitate model integration and reuse and highlight different ways in which models—mental, conceptual, and computational–may interact and evolve. To demonstrate the use of this perspective, we introduce and analyze an existing multimodel ecology—the Energy Modeling Laboratory. We conclude with a set of guidelines for facilitating model reuse and integration. Among others, these include use open standards, build simple components, leverage the Web, borrow proudly, and enforce sharing.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Bollinger, L. Andrew and Nikolić, Igor and Davis, Chris B. and Dijkema, Gerard P.J.}, month = apr, year = {2015}, keywords = {complexity, evolutionary models, industrial ecology, integrated modeling, reuse, simulation}, pages = {252--263}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\IC7796H2\\Bollinger et al. - 2015 - Multimodel Ecologies Cultivating Model Ecosystems.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\WIUBP2U4\\abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{kuczenski_partial_2015, title = {Partial ordering of life cycle inventory databases}, volume = {20}, issn = {0948-3349, 1614-7502}, url = {https://link-springer-com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/article/10.1007/s11367-015-0972-x}, doi = {10.1007/s11367-015-0972-x}, abstract = {Life cycle inventory (LCI) databases provide information of fundamental importance to the mainstream practice of life cycle assessment (LCA). Development and management of LCI data resources is a trem}, language = {en}, number = {12}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment}, author = {Kuczenski, Brandon}, month = dec, year = {2015}, pages = {1673--1683}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\UZ8ME68N\\Kuczenski - 2015 - Partial ordering of life cycle inventory databases.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\TEHD3PHM\\10.html:text/html} }

@article{moreno_application_2011, title = {Application of {Product} {Data} {Technology} {Standards} to {LCA} {Data}}, volume = {15}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00353.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00353.x}, abstract = {Applications of information and communications technology (ICT) for the management of environmental data, if used during the design and at the end of the product life cycle, can improve the environmental performance of products. This specific application of ICT for data management is called product data technology (PDT) and is based on the use of international standards developed by ISO TC184/SC4. PDT enables the computerized representations of information about products, processes, and their properties that are independent of any proprietary computer system or software application. The standard product data models are designed to integrate the necessary information about materials used in the product, and such information can be accessed and used at any point in the life cycle, from design to disposal. In the article, we present how PDT can support life cycle assessment (LCA) by focusing on a series of standards for communicating data for design and manufacture and standards for business and commercial information. Examples of possibilities for using PDT and semantic web for LCA data are introduced. The findings presented here are based on DEPUIS (Design of Environmentally-Friendly Products Using Information Standards), a project aimed at improving the eco-design of new products and services through the innovative use of new information standards.}, language = {en}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Moreno, Anna and Cappellaro, Francesca and Masoni, Paolo and Amato, Anna}, month = aug, year = {2011}, keywords = {data quality, industrial ecology, information and communications technology (ICT), life cycle assessment (LCA), ontology, Semantic Web}, pages = {483--495}, file = {Full Text PDF:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\SFC2PGSF\\Moreno et al. - 2011 - Application of Product Data Technology Standards t.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:C\:\\Users\\Benoit\\AppData\\Roaming\\Mozilla\\Firefox\\Profiles\\qumq3c9d.default-1490862793360\\zotero\\storage\\SNQRD29A\\abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{masanet_exploring_2010, title = {Exploring {Environmental} {Applications} and {Benefits} of {Information} and {Communication} {Technology}}, volume = {14}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00285.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00285.x}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-07-06}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Masanet, Eric and Matthews, H. Scott}, month = oct, year = {2010}, pages = {687--691}, }

@article{chmieliauskas_new_2012, title = {New {Methods} for {Analysis} of {Systems}-of-{Systems} and {Policy}: {The} {Power} of {Systems} {Theory},{Crowd} {Sourcing} and {Data} {Management}}, shorttitle = {New {Methods} for {Analysis} of {Systems}-of-{Systems} and {Policy}}, url = {http://www.intechopen.com/books/system-of-systems/new-methods-for-analysis-of-systems-of-systems-and-policy-the-power-of-system-theory-crowd-sourcing-}, doi = {10.5772/28796}, abstract = {Authors: Alfredas Chmieliauskas, Emile J. L. Chappin, Chris B. Davis,Igor Nikolic and Gerard P. J. Dijkema}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-07-08}, author = {Chmieliauskas, Alfredas and Chappin, Emile J. L. and Davis, Chris B. and Nikolic, Igor and Dijkema, Gerard P. J.}, year = {2012}, }

@incollection{dam_next_2013, address = {Dordrecht}, title = {Next {Steps} in {Modelling} {Socio}-technical {Systems}: {Towards} {Collaborative} {Modelling}}, isbn = {978-94-007-4932-0 978-94-007-4933-7}, shorttitle = {Next {Steps} in {Modelling} {Socio}-technical {Systems}}, url = {http://www.springerlink.com/index/10.1007/978-94-007-4933-7_9}, urldate = {2017-07-09}, booktitle = {Agent-{Based} {Modelling} of {Socio}-{Technical} {Systems}}, publisher = {Springer Netherlands}, author = {Chmieliauskas, A. and Davis, C. B. and Bollinger, L. A.}, editor = {Dam, Koen H. and Nikolic, Igor and Lukszo, Zofia}, year = {2013}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4933-7\_9}, pages = {245--263} }

@article{anneke_innovation_2014, title = {Innovation with open data: {Essential} elements of open data ecosystems}, copyright = {©2014 IOS Press. All rights reserved}, issn = {1570-1255}, shorttitle = {Innovation with open data}, url = {http://www.medra.org/servlet/aliasResolver?alias=iospress&genre=article&issn=1570-1255&volume=19&issue=1&spage=17&doi=10.3233/IP-140329}, doi = {10.3233/IP-140329}, abstract = {Open data ecosystems are expected to bring many advantages, such as stimulating citizen participation and innovation. However, scant attention has been given to what constitutes an open data ecosystem. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of essential elements of open data ecosystems for enabling easy publication and use of open data. To achieve this objective, the literature has been reviewed and a scenario about the publication and use of open data has been analyzed. It was found that various applications, tools and portals are available which together can form an ecosystem. The best functionalities of this ecosystem can be selected and utilized by open data providers and users. To create an open data ecosystem at least four key elements should be captured, namely, 1) releasing and publishing open data on the internet, 2) searching, finding, evaluating and viewing data and their related licenses, 3) cleansing, analyzing, enriching, combining, linking and visualizing data and 4) interpreting and discussing data and providing feedback to the data provider and other stakeholders. Furthermore, to integrate the ecosystem elements and to let them act as an integrated whole, there should be three additional elements 5) user pathways showing directions for how open data can be used, 6) a quality management system and 7) different types of metadata to be able to connect the elements.}, number = {1,2}, urldate = {2017-07-09}, journal = {Information Polity}, author = {Anneke, Zuiderwijk and Marijn, Janssen and Chris, Davis}, year = {2014}, pages = {17--33} }

@article{davis_infrastructure_2010, title = {Infrastructure modelling 2.0}, volume = {6}, issn = {1475-3219, 1741-8038}, url = {http://www.inderscience.com/link.php?id=31073}, doi = {10.1504/IJCIS.2010.031073}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-07-09}, journal = {International Journal of Critical Infrastructures}, author = {Davis, Chris and Nikolic, Igor and Dijkema, Gerard P.J.}, year = {2010}, pages = {168} }

@article{ravalde_database_2017, title = {A {Database} to {Facilitate} a {Process}-{Oriented} {Approach} to {Urban} {Metabolism}}, volume = {21}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/jiec.12429/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jiec.12429}, abstract = {In view of urbanization trends coupled with climate-change challenges, it is increasingly important to establish less-harmful means of urban living. To date, urban metabolism (UM) studies have quantified the aggregate material and energy flows into and out of cities and, further, have identified how consumer activity causes these flows. However, little attention has been paid to the networks of conversion processes that link consumer end-use demands to aggregate metabolic flows. Here, we conduct a systematic literature search to assemble a database of 202 urban energy, water, and waste management processes. We show how the database can help planners and policy makers choose the preferred process to meet a specific resource management need; identify synergies between energy, water, and waste management processes; and compute optimal networks of processes to meet an area's consumer demand at minimum environmental cost. We make our database publicly available under an open-source license and discuss the possibilities for how it might be used alongside other industrial ecology data sets to enhance research opportunities. This will encourage more holistic UM analyses, which appreciate how both consumer activity and the engineered urban system work together to influence aggregate metabolic flows and thus support efforts to make cities more sustainable.}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-07-03}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Ravalde, Tom and Keirstead, James}, month = apr, year = {2017}, keywords = {Cities, decision making, industrial ecology, open data, planning, urban metabolism}, pages = {282--293} }

@article{davis_industrial_2010-1, title = {Industrial {Ecology} 2.0}, volume = {14}, issn = {1530-9290}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.scd-rproxy.u-strasbg.fr/doi/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00281.x/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00281.x}, abstract = {Industrial ecology (IE) is an ambitious field of study where we seek to understand systems using a wide perspective ranging from the scale of molecules to that of the planet. Achieving such a holistic view is challenging and requires collecting, processing, curating, and sharing immense amounts of data and knowledge. We are not capable of fully achieving this due to the current state of tools used in IE and current community practices. Although we deal with a vastly interconnected world, we are not so good at efficiently interconnecting what we learn about it. This is not a problem unique to IE, and other fields have begun to use tools supported by the World Wide Web to meet these challenges. We discuss these sets of tools and illustrate how community driven data collection, processing, curation, and sharing is allowing people to achieve more than ever before. In particular, we discuss standards that have been created to allow for interlinking of data dispersed across multiple Web sites. This is currently visible in the Linking Open Data initiative, which among others contains interlinked datasets from the U.S. and U.K. governments, biology databases, and Wikipedia. Since the types of technologies and standards involved are outside the normal scope of work by many industrial ecologists, we attempt to explain the relevance, implications, and benefits through a discussion of many real examples currently on the Web. From these, we discuss several best practices, which can be enabling factors for how IE and the community can more efficiently and effectively meet its ambitions—an agenda for Industrial Ecology 2.0.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-07-03}, journal = {Journal of Industrial Ecology}, author = {Davis, Chris and Nikolic, Igor and Dijkema, Gerard P.J.}, month = oct, year = {2010}, keywords = {database, industrial ecology, information and communication technology (ICT), Internet, knowledge management, Semantic Web, wiki}, pages = {707--726} }

@book{barbe_wikipedia_2015, title = {Wikipédia, objet scientifique non identifié}, isbn = {978-2-84016-205-6}, abstract = {Parmi les dix premiers sites visités au monde, Wikipédia est désormais d’un usage courant dans le milieu éducatif et scientifique. Mais quelles sont exactement les relations que les chercheurs ont nouées avec la plus célèbre encyclopédie participative et collaborative en ligne ? Tel est l’objet de ce livre collectif et interdisciplinaire, où alternent études de cas et réflexions transversales. En observant la participation des chercheurs et experts à Wikipédia, l’ouvrage cherche notamment à identifier des enjeux en termes d’intermédiation des savoirs, de structuration et de reconnaissance d’un champ ou de diffusion de la culture scientifique. Il a aussi pour ambition de présenter les problématiques soulevées par les chercheurs qui se sont saisis de Wikipédia en tant qu’objet de recherche, pour étudier la transformation des formes de savoir, les processus d’élaboration des articles et la gouvernance de l’encyclopédie. Ce tour d’horizon revient pour finir sur les modes d’utilisation de Wikipédia par les chercheurs et les enseignants dans le cadre de leur activité scientifique ou pédagogique, pour en saisir aussi bien les modalités effectives que les représentations relevant du discours ou de l’imaginaire. Les douze contributions qui composent cet ouvrage en attestent : Wikipédia est bien un objet scientifique émergent, et les auteurs ici réunis nous aident à mieux l’identifier.}, language = {fr}, publisher = {Presses universitaires de Paris Ouest}, author = {Barbe, Lionel}, month = nov, year = {2015}, note = {Google-Books-ID: UxYXCwAAQBAJ}, keywords = {Science / Research \& Methodology} }